Electricity - IMACLIM - Revision history

Eoin OBroin at 14:18, 22 December 2016

2016-12-22T14:18:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:18, 22 December 2016
Line 26:		Line 26:
	<figtable id="tab:discount_cost">		<figtable id="tab:discount_cost">
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	~~\|style="text-align: left;"~~ \|+<caption> Techno-economic parameters for electricity production technologies for the United States in 2001. The discounted average costs are calculated for a usage duration of 8760 hours. Certain technologies are available with or without carbon capture and sequestration (CCS).The characteristics of the technologies that are not yet mature can evolve significantly over time from learning processes which are represented in the model either by autonomous evolution or by an endogenous mechanism. For example, the efficiency of the production of electricity from coal can be improved substantially with the deployment of advanced technologies such as supercritical cycle gasification power plants.</caption>		\|+<caption> Techno-economic parameters for electricity production technologies for the United States in 2001. The discounted average costs are calculated for a usage duration of 8760 hours. Certain technologies are available with or without carbon capture and sequestration (CCS).The characteristics of the technologies that are not yet mature can evolve significantly over time from learning processes which are represented in the model either by autonomous evolution or by an endogenous mechanism. For example, the efficiency of the production of electricity from coal can be improved substantially with the deployment of advanced technologies such as supercritical cycle gasification power plants.</caption>
	!		!
	!		!

Eoin OBroin at 14:17, 22 December 2016

2016-12-22T14:17:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:17, 22 December 2016
Line 26:		Line 26:
	<figtable id="tab:discount_cost">		<figtable id="tab:discount_cost">
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|~~+<caption>~~ style="text-align: ~~center~~;" \| Techno-economic parameters for electricity production technologies for the United States in 2001. The discounted average costs are calculated for a usage duration of 8760 hours. Certain technologies are available with or without carbon capture and sequestration (CCS).The characteristics of the technologies that are not yet mature can evolve significantly over time from learning processes which are represented in the model either by autonomous evolution or by an endogenous mechanism. For example, the efficiency of the production of electricity from coal can be improved substantially with the deployment of advanced technologies such as supercritical cycle gasification power plants.</caption>		\|style="text-align: left;" \|+<caption> Techno-economic parameters for electricity production technologies for the United States in 2001. The discounted average costs are calculated for a usage duration of 8760 hours. Certain technologies are available with or without carbon capture and sequestration (CCS).The characteristics of the technologies that are not yet mature can evolve significantly over time from learning processes which are represented in the model either by autonomous evolution or by an endogenous mechanism. For example, the efficiency of the production of electricity from coal can be improved substantially with the deployment of advanced technologies such as supercritical cycle gasification power plants.</caption>
	!		!
	!		!

Eoin OBroin at 14:16, 22 December 2016

2016-12-22T14:16:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:16, 22 December 2016
Line 26:		Line 26:
	<figtable id="tab:discount_cost">		<figtable id="tab:discount_cost">
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+<caption>Techno-economic parameters for electricity production technologies for the United States in 2001. The discounted average costs are calculated for a usage duration of 8760 hours. Certain technologies are available with or without carbon capture and sequestration (CCS).The characteristics of the technologies that are not yet mature can evolve significantly over time from learning processes which are represented in the model either by autonomous evolution or by an endogenous mechanism. For example, the efficiency of the production of electricity from coal can be improved substantially with the deployment of advanced technologies such as supercritical cycle gasification power plants.</caption>		\|+<caption> style="text-align: center;" \| Techno-economic parameters for electricity production technologies for the United States in 2001. The discounted average costs are calculated for a usage duration of 8760 hours. Certain technologies are available with or without carbon capture and sequestration (CCS).The characteristics of the technologies that are not yet mature can evolve significantly over time from learning processes which are represented in the model either by autonomous evolution or by an endogenous mechanism. For example, the efficiency of the production of electricity from coal can be improved substantially with the deployment of advanced technologies such as supercritical cycle gasification power plants.</caption>
	!		!
	!		!

Eoin OBroin at 13:34, 22 December 2016

2016-12-22T13:34:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:34, 22 December 2016
Line 23:		Line 23:

	<xr id="tab:discount_cost"/> gives the calibration values for the United States of the techco-economic parameters characterizing the 13 technologies described in this version of the model. The last four rows of the table contain the calculation results for each technology at the year of calibration and the different components of the discounted average production cost: investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, fuel cost, for an annual usage duration of 8760 hours (One year).		<xr id="tab:discount_cost"/> gives the calibration values for the United States of the techco-economic parameters characterizing the 13 technologies described in this version of the model. The last four rows of the table contain the calculation results for each technology at the year of calibration and the different components of the discounted average production cost: investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, fuel cost, for an annual usage duration of 8760 hours (One year).

	~~rowspan="2"~~

	<figtable id="tab:discount_cost">		<figtable id="tab:discount_cost">
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+<caption>Techno-economic parameters for electricity production technologies for the United States in 2001. The discounted average costs are calculated for a usage duration of 8760 hours. Certain technologies are available with or without carbon capture and sequestration (CCS).The characteristics of the technologies that are not yet mature can evolve significantly over time from learning processes which are represented in the model either by autonomous evolution or by an endogenous mechanism. For example, the efficiency of the production of electricity from coal can be improved substantially with the deployment of advanced technologies such as supercritical cycle gasification power plants.</caption>		\|+<caption>Techno-economic parameters for electricity production technologies for the United States in 2001. The discounted average costs are calculated for a usage duration of 8760 hours. Certain technologies are available with or without carbon capture and sequestration (CCS).The characteristics of the technologies that are not yet mature can evolve significantly over time from learning processes which are represented in the model either by autonomous evolution or by an endogenous mechanism. For example, the efficiency of the production of electricity from coal can be improved substantially with the deployment of advanced technologies such as supercritical cycle gasification power plants.</caption>
	!~~colspan="4"~~		!
	!		!
	!		!

Eoin OBroin at 13:28, 22 December 2016

2016-12-22T13:28:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:28, 22 December 2016
Line 23:		Line 23:

	<xr id="tab:discount_cost"/> gives the calibration values for the United States of the techco-economic parameters characterizing the 13 technologies described in this version of the model. The last four rows of the table contain the calculation results for each technology at the year of calibration and the different components of the discounted average production cost: investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, fuel cost, for an annual usage duration of 8760 hours (One year).		<xr id="tab:discount_cost"/> gives the calibration values for the United States of the techco-economic parameters characterizing the 13 technologies described in this version of the model. The last four rows of the table contain the calculation results for each technology at the year of calibration and the different components of the discounted average production cost: investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, fuel cost, for an annual usage duration of 8760 hours (One year).

			rowspan="2"

	<figtable id="tab:discount_cost">		<figtable id="tab:discount_cost">
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+<caption>Techno-economic parameters for electricity production technologies for the United States in 2001. The discounted average costs are calculated for a usage duration of 8760 hours. Certain technologies are available with or without carbon capture and sequestration (CCS).The characteristics of the technologies that are not yet mature can evolve significantly over time from learning processes which are represented in the model either by autonomous evolution or by an endogenous mechanism. For example, the efficiency of the production of electricity from coal can be improved substantially with the deployment of advanced technologies such as supercritical cycle gasification power plants.</caption>		\|+<caption>Techno-economic parameters for electricity production technologies for the United States in 2001. The discounted average costs are calculated for a usage duration of 8760 hours. Certain technologies are available with or without carbon capture and sequestration (CCS).The characteristics of the technologies that are not yet mature can evolve significantly over time from learning processes which are represented in the model either by autonomous evolution or by an endogenous mechanism. For example, the efficiency of the production of electricity from coal can be improved substantially with the deployment of advanced technologies such as supercritical cycle gasification power plants.</caption>
	!		!colspan="4"
	!		!
	!		!

Eoin OBroin at 13:13, 22 December 2016

2016-12-22T13:13:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:13, 22 December 2016
Line 283:		Line 283:
	\|}		\|}

	For the technologies listed in ~~the table above~~ which are classed as being mature (See Row 3: Operational at the calibration year) the data given corresponds to the model reference year (2001). Data in the table for technologies that are not considered to be mature yet, corresponds to various years which are dependant on the scenario under consideredation. The data are not, however, averages for each region in the calibration/reference year, since the installed capacity of production plants also include less efficient older production units. Likewise, at future dates in the scenarios modeled, the average characteristics of the installed production capacity will be the weighted average of the technical characteristics of the different generations of power plants still in operation. The inertia of equipment and the embodied character of technologies are represented through a follow up of capital through the generations along with that of their technological characteristics. Hence, each unit of a given technology's production capacity constructed at time t is active until ''t+life_time''<sub>k,TECH</sub>, where ''life_time''<sub>k,TECH</sub> is the expected technology lifetime in region ''k'' for each technology, ''TECH''. The overall installed production capacity park at time ''t'' is decomposed according to the duration of the year in which the various production units are dispatched. For each technoloy ''TECH'' and each region ''k'', the electricity production capacity (measured in MW) is obtained by summing up the generations of capital in activity:		For the technologies listed in <xr id="tab:discount_cost"/> which are classed as being mature (See Row 3: Operational at the calibration year) the data given corresponds to the model reference year (2001). Data in the table for technologies that are not considered to be mature yet, corresponds to various years which are dependant on the scenario under consideredation. The data are not, however, averages for each region in the calibration/reference year, since the installed capacity of production plants also include less efficient older production units. Likewise, at future dates in the scenarios modeled, the average characteristics of the installed production capacity will be the weighted average of the technical characteristics of the different generations of power plants still in operation. The inertia of equipment and the embodied character of technologies are represented through a follow up of capital through the generations along with that of their technological characteristics. Hence, each unit of a given technology's production capacity constructed at time t is active until ''t+life_time''<sub>k,TECH</sub>, where ''life_time''<sub>k,TECH</sub> is the expected technology lifetime in region ''k'' for each technology, ''TECH''. The overall installed production capacity park at time ''t'' is decomposed according to the duration of the year in which the various production units are dispatched. For each technoloy ''TECH'' and each region ''k'', the electricity production capacity (measured in MW) is obtained by summing up the generations of capital in activity:

	[[File:35815710.png]]<br /> Every year ''(t+1)'', the production capacities that reach the end of their lifetimes are eliminated (lifetime varies according to the type of technology installed). One thus obtains a depreciated installed production capacity, ''Cap_MW_depreciated''<sub>k,TECH</sub>. At each time period this is combined with the new investments to obtain the total installed production capactity:		[[File:35815710.png]]<br /> Every year ''(t+1)'', the production capacities that reach the end of their lifetimes are eliminated (lifetime varies according to the type of technology installed). One thus obtains a depreciated installed production capacity, ''Cap_MW_depreciated''<sub>k,TECH</sub>. At each time period this is combined with the new investments to obtain the total installed production capactity:

Eoin OBroin at 13:10, 22 December 2016

2016-12-22T13:10:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:10, 22 December 2016
Line 282:		Line 282:
	\|'''124.3'''		\|'''124.3'''
	\|}		\|}



	'''TABLE CAPTION''': Techno-economic parameters for electricity production technologies for the United States in 2001. The discounted average costs are calculated for a usage duration of 8760 hours. Certain technologies are available with or without carbon capture and sequestration (CCS).The characteristics of the technologies that are not yet mature can evolve significantly over time from learning processes which are represented in the model either by autonomous evolution or by an endogenous mechanism. For example, the efficiency of the production of electricity from coal can be improved substantially with the deployment of advanced technologies such as supercritical cycle gasification power plants.

	For the technologies listed in the table above which are classed as being mature (See Row 3: Operational at the calibration year) the data given corresponds to the model reference year (2001). Data in the table for technologies that are not considered to be mature yet, corresponds to various years which are dependant on the scenario under consideredation. The data are not, however, averages for each region in the calibration/reference year, since the installed capacity of production plants also include less efficient older production units. Likewise, at future dates in the scenarios modeled, the average characteristics of the installed production capacity will be the weighted average of the technical characteristics of the different generations of power plants still in operation. The inertia of equipment and the embodied character of technologies are represented through a follow up of capital through the generations along with that of their technological characteristics. Hence, each unit of a given technology's production capacity constructed at time t is active until ''t+life_time''<sub>k,TECH</sub>, where ''life_time''<sub>k,TECH</sub> is the expected technology lifetime in region ''k'' for each technology, ''TECH''. The overall installed production capacity park at time ''t'' is decomposed according to the duration of the year in which the various production units are dispatched. For each technoloy ''TECH'' and each region ''k'', the electricity production capacity (measured in MW) is obtained by summing up the generations of capital in activity:		For the technologies listed in the table above which are classed as being mature (See Row 3: Operational at the calibration year) the data given corresponds to the model reference year (2001). Data in the table for technologies that are not considered to be mature yet, corresponds to various years which are dependant on the scenario under consideredation. The data are not, however, averages for each region in the calibration/reference year, since the installed capacity of production plants also include less efficient older production units. Likewise, at future dates in the scenarios modeled, the average characteristics of the installed production capacity will be the weighted average of the technical characteristics of the different generations of power plants still in operation. The inertia of equipment and the embodied character of technologies are represented through a follow up of capital through the generations along with that of their technological characteristics. Hence, each unit of a given technology's production capacity constructed at time t is active until ''t+life_time''<sub>k,TECH</sub>, where ''life_time''<sub>k,TECH</sub> is the expected technology lifetime in region ''k'' for each technology, ''TECH''. The overall installed production capacity park at time ''t'' is decomposed according to the duration of the year in which the various production units are dispatched. For each technoloy ''TECH'' and each region ''k'', the electricity production capacity (measured in MW) is obtained by summing up the generations of capital in activity:

Eoin OBroin at 13:09, 22 December 2016

2016-12-22T13:09:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:09, 22 December 2016
Line 22:		Line 22:
	The description of the power generation mix is based on a discrete set of 13 technologies. Each of the 13 technologies is characterized by a set of techno-economic parameters that make it possible to calculate their average discounted production cost per kilowatt hour produced. These parameters include: capital costs ($/kW installed), energy efficiency (in %, for the technologies that use fossil fuels), operation and maintenance costs, fixed or variable costs (in $/kW and in $/kWh respectively) and a discount rate incorporating both the opportunity cost of capital and a unique risk factor for each technology. This risk factor can cover both an objective assessment of the risk of outage as well as an assessment of social risk, for example for the cases of nuclear power or CCS (Carbon Capture and Sequestration). The techno-economic parameters associated with each technology are calibrated either from sectoral technological models (for example the POLES model) or using information from literature (Grubler et al, 2002[[CiteRef::grubler2010technological]]; Rao et al, 2006[[CiteRef::rao2006importance]]; Sims et al, 2007[[CiteRef::sims2007energy]]).		The description of the power generation mix is based on a discrete set of 13 technologies. Each of the 13 technologies is characterized by a set of techno-economic parameters that make it possible to calculate their average discounted production cost per kilowatt hour produced. These parameters include: capital costs ($/kW installed), energy efficiency (in %, for the technologies that use fossil fuels), operation and maintenance costs, fixed or variable costs (in $/kW and in $/kWh respectively) and a discount rate incorporating both the opportunity cost of capital and a unique risk factor for each technology. This risk factor can cover both an objective assessment of the risk of outage as well as an assessment of social risk, for example for the cases of nuclear power or CCS (Carbon Capture and Sequestration). The techno-economic parameters associated with each technology are calibrated either from sectoral technological models (for example the POLES model) or using information from literature (Grubler et al, 2002[[CiteRef::grubler2010technological]]; Rao et al, 2006[[CiteRef::rao2006importance]]; Sims et al, 2007[[CiteRef::sims2007energy]]).

	~~The table below~~ gives the calibration values for the United States of the techco-economic parameters characterizing the 13 technologies described in this version of the model. The last four rows of the table contain the calculation results for each technology at the year of calibration and the different components of the discounted average production cost: investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, fuel cost, for an annual usage duration of 8760 hours (One year).		<xr id="tab:discount_cost"/> gives the calibration values for the United States of the techco-economic parameters characterizing the 13 technologies described in this version of the model. The last four rows of the table contain the calculation results for each technology at the year of calibration and the different components of the discounted average production cost: investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, fuel cost, for an annual usage duration of 8760 hours (One year).

			<figtable id="tab:discount_cost">
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+<caption>Techno-economic parameters for electricity production technologies for the United States in 2001. The discounted average costs are calculated for a usage duration of 8760 hours. Certain technologies are available with or without carbon capture and sequestration (CCS).The characteristics of the technologies that are not yet mature can evolve significantly over time from learning processes which are represented in the model either by autonomous evolution or by an endogenous mechanism. For example, the efficiency of the production of electricity from coal can be improved substantially with the deployment of advanced technologies such as supercritical cycle gasification power plants.</caption>
	!		!
	!		!
Line 281:		Line 283:
	\|}		\|}

	~~[[File:42205347.png]]~~

	'''TABLE CAPTION''': Techno-economic parameters for electricity production technologies for the United States in 2001. The discounted average costs are calculated for a usage duration of 8760 hours. Certain technologies are available with or without carbon capture and sequestration (CCS).The characteristics of the technologies that are not yet mature can evolve significantly over time from learning processes which are represented in the model either by autonomous evolution or by an endogenous mechanism. For example, the efficiency of the production of electricity from coal can be improved substantially with the deployment of advanced technologies such as supercritical cycle gasification power plants.		'''TABLE CAPTION''': Techno-economic parameters for electricity production technologies for the United States in 2001. The discounted average costs are calculated for a usage duration of 8760 hours. Certain technologies are available with or without carbon capture and sequestration (CCS).The characteristics of the technologies that are not yet mature can evolve significantly over time from learning processes which are represented in the model either by autonomous evolution or by an endogenous mechanism. For example, the efficiency of the production of electricity from coal can be improved substantially with the deployment of advanced technologies such as supercritical cycle gasification power plants.

Eoin OBroin at 13:03, 22 December 2016

2016-12-22T13:03:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:03, 22 December 2016
Line 25:		Line 25:

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|		!
	\|		!
	\|		!
	\|		!
	\|Natural gas		!Natural gas
	\|Natural gas		!Natural gas
	\|Natural gas		!Natural gas
	\|Coal		!Coal
	\|Coal		!Coal
	\|Coal		!Coal
	\|Coal		!Coal
	\|Coal		!Coal
	\|		!
	\|Renewables		!Renewables
	\|Renewables		!Renewables
	\|Renewables		!Renewables
	\|-		\|-
	!Parameter		!Parameter

Eoin OBroin at 12:49, 22 December 2016

2016-12-22T12:49:41Z

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
 !Parameter
 !Notation in equations