Energy conversion - IMAGE - Revision history

Rineke Oostenrijk: Text replacement - "|QQQ " to ""

2020-06-23T15:14:37Z

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	\|DocumentationCategory=Energy conversion		\|DocumentationCategory=Energy conversion
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Rineke Oostenrijk: Text replacement - "HasParent=(.*) " to "QQQ "

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	\|DocumentationCategory=Energy conversion		\|DocumentationCategory=Energy conversion
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Rineke Oostenrijk: Text replacement - "|HasSeq=2 " to ""

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	\|IsDocumentationOf=IMAGE		\|IsDocumentationOf=IMAGE
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Rineke Oostenrijk: Text replacement - "|HasLevel=2 " to ""

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Oreane Edelenbosch at 16:38, 12 January 2017

2017-01-12T16:38:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:38, 12 January 2017
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	<figure id="fig:Energy conversion_IMG">		<figure id="fig:Energy conversion_IMG">

	[[File:Energy conversion_IMG.~~PNG~~\|800px\|thumb\|left\|<caption>Flowchart Energy conversion.</caption>]]		[[File:Energy conversion_IMG.png\|800px\|thumb\|left\|<caption>Flowchart Energy conversion.</caption>]]

	</figure>		</figure>
	~~[[CiteRef::IMG_Girod_2012]]~~
	<div style="clear:left"></div>		<div style="clear:left"></div>

Oreane Edelenbosch at 16:37, 12 January 2017

2017-01-12T16:37:08Z

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	The energy conversion module of TIMER simulates the choices of input energy carriers in two steps. In the first step, investment decisions are made on the future generation mix in terms of newly added capital. In the second step, the actual use of the capacity in place depends on a set of model rules that determine the purpose and how frequently the different types of power plants are used (baseload/peakload). The discussion focuses on the production of electricity and hydrogen. Other conversion processes have only be implemented in the model by simple multipliers, as they mostly convert energy from a single primary source to one secondary energy carrier. More details on the energy conversion modelling can be found on the [[Electricity_-_IMAGE\|Electricity]], [[Heat_-_IMAGE\|Heat]] and [[Gaseous fuels_-_IMAGE\|Gaseous fuels]] pages.		The energy conversion module of TIMER simulates the choices of input energy carriers in two steps. In the first step, investment decisions are made on the future generation mix in terms of newly added capital. In the second step, the actual use of the capacity in place depends on a set of model rules that determine the purpose and how frequently the different types of power plants are used (baseload/peakload). The discussion focuses on the production of electricity and hydrogen. Other conversion processes have only be implemented in the model by simple multipliers, as they mostly convert energy from a single primary source to one secondary energy carrier. More details on the energy conversion modelling can be found on the [[Electricity_-_IMAGE\|Electricity]], [[Heat_-_IMAGE\|Heat]] and [[Gaseous fuels_-_IMAGE\|Gaseous fuels]] pages.

			An overview of the energy conversion model structure is provided in <xr id="fig:Energy conversion_IMG"/>.

			<figure id="fig:Energy conversion_IMG">

			[[File:Energy conversion_IMG.PNG\|800px\|thumb\|left\|<caption>Flowchart Energy conversion.</caption>]]

			</figure>
			[[CiteRef::IMG_Girod_2012]]
			<div style="clear:left"></div>

Oreane Edelenbosch at 11:10, 12 January 2017

2017-01-12T11:10:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:10, 12 January 2017
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	Energy from primary sources often has to be converted into secondary energy carriers that are more easily accessible for final consumption, for example the production of electricity and hydrogen, oil products from crude oil in refineries, and fuels from biomass. Studies on transitions to more sustainable energy systems also show the importance of these conversions for the future.		Energy from primary sources often has to be converted into secondary energy carriers that are more easily accessible for final consumption, for example the production of electricity and hydrogen, oil products from crude oil in refineries, and fuels from biomass. Studies on transitions to more sustainable energy systems also show the importance of these conversions for the future.

	The energy conversion module of TIMER simulates the choices of input energy carriers in two steps. In the first step, investment decisions are made on the future generation mix in terms of newly added capital. In the second step, the actual use of the capacity in place depends on a set of model rules that determine the purpose and how frequently the different types of power plants are used (baseload/peakload). The discussion focuses on the production of electricity and hydrogen. Other conversion processes have only be implemented in the model by simple multipliers, as they mostly convert energy from a single primary source to one secondary energy carrier.		The energy conversion module of TIMER simulates the choices of input energy carriers in two steps. In the first step, investment decisions are made on the future generation mix in terms of newly added capital. In the second step, the actual use of the capacity in place depends on a set of model rules that determine the purpose and how frequently the different types of power plants are used (baseload/peakload). The discussion focuses on the production of electricity and hydrogen. Other conversion processes have only be implemented in the model by simple multipliers, as they mostly convert energy from a single primary source to one secondary energy carrier. More details on the energy conversion modelling can be found on the [[Electricity_-_IMAGE\|Electricity]], [[Heat_-_IMAGE\|Heat]] and [[Gaseous fuels_-_IMAGE\|Gaseous fuels]] pages.

Rineke Oostenrijk at 07:49, 30 August 2016

2016-08-30T07:49:03Z

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 |DocumentationCategory=Energy conversion
 }}
 Energy from primary sources often has to be converted into secondary energy carriers that are more easily accessible for final consumption, for example the production of electricity and hydrogen, oil products from crude oil in refineries, and fuels from biomass. Studies on transitions to more sustainable energy systems also show the importance of these conversions for the future.
 The energy conversion module of TIMER simulates the choices of input energy carriers in two steps. In the first step, investment decisions are made on the future generation mix in terms of newly added capital. In the second step, the actual use of the capacity in place depends on a set of model rules that determine the purpose and how frequently the different types of power plants are used (baseload/peakload). The discussion focuses on the production of electricity and hydrogen. Other conversion processes have only be implemented in the model by simple multipliers, as they mostly convert energy from a single primary source to one secondary energy carrier.

Harmen Sytze de Boer at 08:57, 9 August 2016

2016-08-09T08:57:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:57, 9 August 2016
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	* In the residential model, access to electricity is described. The model looks at access partly as a function of income and associated investments. The method has been described by van Ruijven et al. [[CiteRef::IMG_vanRuijven_2012]] to look into the question whether access goals can be achieved in the next decades. The access to electricity influences the fuel choice in the residential sector.		* In the residential model, access to electricity is described. The model looks at access partly as a function of income and associated investments. The method has been described by van Ruijven et al. [[CiteRef::IMG_vanRuijven_2012]] to look into the question whether access goals can be achieved in the next decades. The access to electricity influences the fuel choice in the residential sector.
	* In the power sector, investments into grid are described and add to the costs of electricity. Moreover, in the potential of solar and wind and related costs the distance between potential supply and load centers is accounted for [[CiteRef::IMG_Hoogwijk_2004]].		* In the power sector, investments into grid are described and add to the costs of electricity. Moreover, in the potential of solar and wind and related costs the distance between potential supply and load centers is accounted for [[CiteRef::IMG_Hoogwijk_2004]].
	* In the hydrogen submodel, large-scale available of hydrogen as energy carrier is restricted by the presence of infrastructure. Therefore, originally only small-scale hydrogen option are available. Only when the volume gets above a certain minimum level, it is assumed that large-scale options become available (transport of hydrogen via pipes) providing the option of much lower costs hydrogen production ? also in combination with CCS.		* In the hydrogen submodel, large-scale available of hydrogen as energy carrier is restricted by the presence of infrastructure. Therefore, originally only small-scale hydrogen option are available. Only when the volume gets above a certain minimum level, it is assumed that large-scale options become available (transport of hydrogen via pipes) providing the option of much lower costs hydrogen production also in combination with CCS.
	* For CCS, an estimate is made by region of the distance between the most important storage sites and the production of CO2. Therefore, a region-specific and storage-option specific cost factor is added to the on-site storage costs.		* For CCS, an estimate is made by region of the distance between the most important storage sites and the production of CO2. Therefore, a region-specific and storage-option specific cost factor is added to the on-site storage costs.
	* Finally, infrastructure plays in reality a key-role in the potential rate of transition: for instance, in transport electric vehicles can only be introduced at a rate that is consistent with the expansion of corresponding infrastructure to provide power. In the model, this is only implicitly described by adding an additional delay factor on top of the delay that is explicitly taken into account by the lifetime of the technology itself (in this example the electric vehicle). The additional delay factor simply consists of a smoothing function affecting the portfolio of investments. For the same reason, this ''smoothing'' of change in investments is also used elsewhere in the model.		* Finally, infrastructure plays in reality a key-role in the potential rate of transition: for instance, in transport electric vehicles can only be introduced at a rate that is consistent with the expansion of corresponding infrastructure to provide power. In the model, this is only implicitly described by adding an additional delay factor on top of the delay that is explicitly taken into account by the lifetime of the technology itself (in this example the electric vehicle). The additional delay factor simply consists of a smoothing function affecting the portfolio of investments. For the same reason, this ''smoothing'' of change in investments is also used elsewhere in the model.

Harmen Sytze de Boer at 07:44, 9 August 2016

2016-08-09T07:44:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:44, 9 August 2016
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	==Hydrogen==		==Hydrogen==

	The structure of the hydrogen generation submodule is similar to that for electric power generation [[CiteRef::~~IMG_VanRuijven_2007~~]] but with following differences:		The structure of the hydrogen generation submodule is similar to that for electric power generation [[CiteRef::IMG_vanRuijven_2007]] but with following differences:

	* There are only eleven supply options for hydrogen production from coal, oil, natural gas and bioenergy, with and without carbon capture and storage (8 plants); hydrogen production from electrolysis, direct hydrogen production from solar thermal processes; and small methane reform plants.		* There are only eleven supply options for hydrogen production from coal, oil, natural gas and bioenergy, with and without carbon capture and storage (8 plants); hydrogen production from electrolysis, direct hydrogen production from solar thermal processes; and small methane reform plants.
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	In the IMAGE model, grid and infrastructure are not systematically dealt with. Still, the influence of both factors on transitions (and in particular the rate of transitions) plays a role in the model. There are several places where grid and infrastructure are implicitly or explicitly dealt with.		In the IMAGE model, grid and infrastructure are not systematically dealt with. Still, the influence of both factors on transitions (and in particular the rate of transitions) plays a role in the model. There are several places where grid and infrastructure are implicitly or explicitly dealt with.

	* In the residential model, access to electricity is described. The model looks at access partly as a function of income and associated investments. The method has been described by van Ruijven et al. [[CiteRef::~~IMG_Image_2012~~]] to look into the question whether access goals can be achieved in the next decades. The access to electricity influences the fuel choice in the residential sector.		* In the residential model, access to electricity is described. The model looks at access partly as a function of income and associated investments. The method has been described by van Ruijven et al. [[CiteRef::IMG_vanRuijven_2012]] to look into the question whether access goals can be achieved in the next decades. The access to electricity influences the fuel choice in the residential sector.
	* In the power sector, investments into grid are described and add to the costs of electricity. Moreover, in the potential of solar and wind and related costs the distance between potential supply and load centers is accounted for [[CiteRef::IMG_Hoogwijk_2004]].		* In the power sector, investments into grid are described and add to the costs of electricity. Moreover, in the potential of solar and wind and related costs the distance between potential supply and load centers is accounted for [[CiteRef::IMG_Hoogwijk_2004]].
	* In the hydrogen submodel, large-scale available of hydrogen as energy carrier is restricted by the presence of infrastructure. Therefore, originally only small-scale hydrogen option are available. Only when the volume gets above a certain minimum level, it is assumed that large-scale options become available (transport of hydrogen via pipes) providing the option of much lower costs hydrogen production ? also in combination with CCS.		* In the hydrogen submodel, large-scale available of hydrogen as energy carrier is restricted by the presence of infrastructure. Therefore, originally only small-scale hydrogen option are available. Only when the volume gets above a certain minimum level, it is assumed that large-scale options become available (transport of hydrogen via pipes) providing the option of much lower costs hydrogen production ? also in combination with CCS.
	* For CCS, an estimate is made by region of the distance between the most important storage sites and the production of CO2. Therefore, a region-specific and storage-option specific cost factor is added to the on-site storage costs.		* For CCS, an estimate is made by region of the distance between the most important storage sites and the production of CO2. Therefore, a region-specific and storage-option specific cost factor is added to the on-site storage costs.
	* Finally, infrastructure plays in reality a key-role in the potential rate of transition: for instance, in transport electric vehicles can only be introduced at a rate that is consistent with the expansion of corresponding infrastructure to provide power. In the model, this is only implicitly described by adding an additional delay factor on top of the delay that is explicitly taken into account by the lifetime of the technology itself (in this example the electric vehicle). The additional delay factor simply consists of a smoothing function affecting the portfolio of investments. For the same reason, this ''smoothing'' of change in investments is also used elsewhere in the model.		* Finally, infrastructure plays in reality a key-role in the potential rate of transition: for instance, in transport electric vehicles can only be introduced at a rate that is consistent with the expansion of corresponding infrastructure to provide power. In the model, this is only implicitly described by adding an additional delay factor on top of the delay that is explicitly taken into account by the lifetime of the technology itself (in this example the electric vehicle). The additional delay factor simply consists of a smoothing function affecting the portfolio of investments. For the same reason, this ''smoothing'' of change in investments is also used elsewhere in the model.