Gaseous fuels - GCAM - Revision history

Matthew Binsted at 20:54, 21 June 2022

2022-06-21T20:54:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:54, 21 June 2022
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	=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#natural-gas Natural Gas] ===		=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#natural-gas Natural Gas] ===
	Natural gas accounts for almost 99% of the gaseous fuel production represented in GCAM’s calibration year (2015). The natural gas commodity in GCAM includes all gaseous fuels produced at gas wells, the gaseous co-products from oil production, and gas produced from coal mines and coal seams. The natural gas commodity excludes natural gas liquids, and it excludes gas that is vented, flared, or re-injected. Further information is available in [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/details_inputs.html#mapping-the-iea-energy-balances Mapping the IEA Energy Balances] and ~~[https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#iea2011~~ IEA (2011)]. In the gas processing sector, the natural gas technology is assigned an input-output coefficient of 1, as natural gas plant fuel is not a disaggregated flow in the IEA energy balances.		Natural gas accounts for almost 99% of the gaseous fuel production represented in GCAM’s calibration year (2015). The natural gas commodity in GCAM includes all gaseous fuels produced at gas wells, the gaseous co-products from oil production, and gas produced from coal mines and coal seams. The natural gas commodity excludes natural gas liquids, and it excludes gas that is vented, flared, or re-injected. Further information is available in [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/details_inputs.html#mapping-the-iea-energy-balances Mapping the IEA Energy Balances] and IEA (2011).<ref>International Energy Agency, 2011, Energy Balances of OECD Countries: Documentation for Beyond 2020 Files, International Energy Agency, Paris, France.</ref> In the gas processing sector, the natural gas technology is assigned an input-output coefficient of 1, as natural gas plant fuel is not a disaggregated flow in the IEA energy balances.

	=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#coal-gasification Coal Gasification] ===		=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#coal-gasification Coal Gasification] ===
	The GCAM coal gasification technology in historical years represents gas works gas, or town gas, that is produced from coal. It does not include blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and other coal-derived gaseous fuels that are by-products of other activities, and typically consumed on-site. Many regions produced no coal gas in 2010. In future periods, the technology represents a broader suite of coal gasification processes that are capable of producing a commodity that competes for market share with natural gas. See ~~[https://jgcri~~.~~github~~.~~io/gcam~~-~~doc/supply_energy~~.~~html#linden1976 Linden et al~~. ~~1976]~~ for a review of technologies for producing pipeline-grade gaseous fuels from coal.		The GCAM coal gasification technology in historical years represents gas works gas, or town gas, that is produced from coal. It does not include blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and other coal-derived gaseous fuels that are by-products of other activities, and typically consumed on-site. Many regions produced no coal gas in 2010. In future periods, the technology represents a broader suite of coal gasification processes that are capable of producing a commodity that competes for market share with natural gas. See Linden et al. 1976<ref>Linden, H.R., Bodle, W.W., Lee, B.S., and Vyas, K.C. 1976. Production of high-btu gas from coal. Annual Reviews of Energy 1, pp. 65-86.</ref> for a review of technologies for producing pipeline-grade gaseous fuels from coal.

	=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#biomass-gasification Biomass Gasification] ===		=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#biomass-gasification Biomass Gasification] ===
	In historical years, biomass gasification, or biogas, is considered to be gases captured from landfills, sludge, and agricultural wastes, that are used to provide heat and power. As with coal gasification, in future periods, biomass gasification is intended to represent a suite of processes that convert biomass feedstocks into pipeline-grade gaseous fuels that can be used by a variety of end users. For a technical description see ~~[https://jgcri~~.~~github~~.~~io/gcam-doc/supply_energy~~.~~html#zwart2006 Zwart et al~~. 2006].		In historical years, biomass gasification, or biogas, is considered to be gases captured from landfills, sludge, and agricultural wastes, that are used to provide heat and power. As with coal gasification, in future periods, biomass gasification is intended to represent a suite of processes that convert biomass feedstocks into pipeline-grade gaseous fuels that can be used by a variety of end users. For a technical description see Zwart et al. 2006.<ref>Zwart, R., Boerrigter, H., Deurwaarder, E.P., van der Meijden, C.M., and van Paasen, S.V.B. 2006. Production of Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) from Biomass: Development and operation of an integrated bio-SNG system. Report ECN-E-06-018, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands.</ref>

	=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#gas-pipeline-delivered-gas-and-wholesale-gas Gas Pipeline, Delivered Gas, and Wholesale Gas] ===		=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#gas-pipeline-delivered-gas-and-wholesale-gas Gas Pipeline, Delivered Gas, and Wholesale Gas] ===
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	== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#hydrogen Hydrogen] ==		== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#hydrogen Hydrogen] ==
	Hydrogen is represented as a commodity in future time periods that is available for various energy and industrial processes. Hydrogen is not treated as a fuel in the IEA Energy Balances, ~~[https://jgcri.github~~.~~io/gcam-doc~~/~~supply_energy.html#iea2019 IEA 2019],~~ or most other energy statistics. As such, the representation excludes the on-site production and use of hydrogen at oil refineries, ammonia plants, and other present-day industrial facilities. The representation of hydrogen in GCAM includes 10 “central” production technologies, as well as 2 “forecourt” (i.e. on-site) production technologies, which may have higher costs due to the economies of scale and higher capacity factors of central production, but the forecourt technologies avoid the costs and energy requirements of distribution. The hydrogen distribution representation differentiates a range of hydrogen commodities whose costs largely reflect the various temperatures and pressures at which hydrogen is transported and stored for different end-use applications. Production technology costs and energy intensities are from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hydrogen Analysis (H2A) models ~~[https~~:~~//jgcri.github~~.io/~~gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#nrel2018 NREL 2018],~~ and the distribution costs and energy intensities are from Argonne’s Hydrogen Delivery Scenario Analysis Model (HDSAM) ~~[https://jgcri~~.~~github~~.~~io/gcam-doc~~/~~supply_energy.html#anl2015 ANL 2015].~~ See [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/details_energy.html#hydrogen hydrogen details] for more information.		Hydrogen is represented as a commodity in future time periods that is available for various energy and industrial processes. Hydrogen is not treated as a fuel in the IEA Energy Balances,<ref>International Energy Agency, 2019, Energy Balances of OECD Countries 1960-2017 and Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries 1971-2017, International Energy Agency, Paris, France.</ref> or most other energy statistics. As such, the representation excludes the on-site production and use of hydrogen at oil refineries, ammonia plants, and other present-day industrial facilities. The representation of hydrogen in GCAM includes 10 “central” production technologies, as well as 2 “forecourt” (i.e. on-site) production technologies, which may have higher costs due to the economies of scale and higher capacity factors of central production, but the forecourt technologies avoid the costs and energy requirements of distribution. The hydrogen distribution representation differentiates a range of hydrogen commodities whose costs largely reflect the various temperatures and pressures at which hydrogen is transported and stored for different end-use applications. Production technology costs and energy intensities are from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hydrogen Analysis (H2A) models (NREL 2018),<ref>National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2018, H2A: Hydrogen Analysis Production Models, National Renewable Energy Laboratory.</ref> and the distribution costs and energy intensities are from Argonne’s Hydrogen Delivery Scenario Analysis Model (HDSAM).<ref>Argonne National Laboratory, 2015, Hydrogen delivery scenario analysis model (HDSAM), Argonne National Laboratory.</ref> See [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/details_energy.html#hydrogen hydrogen details] for more information.

Matthew Binsted at 18:02, 16 June 2022

2022-06-16T18:02:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:02, 16 June 2022
Line 5:		Line 5:

	== Gas Processing ==		== Gas Processing ==
	The three subsectors of the gas processing sector, and the downstream sectors are described below and in the [~~http~~://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/~~energy~~.html#gas-processing documentation]. Click on each heading to bring you to the corresponding section in the documentation.		The three subsectors of the gas processing sector, and the downstream sectors are described below and in the [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#gas-processing gas processing] documentation section. See [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/details_energy.html#gas-processing gas processing details] for an overview of the structure. Click on each heading to bring you to the corresponding section in the documentation.

	=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/~~energy~~.html#natural-gas Natural Gas] ===		=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#natural-gas Natural Gas] ===
	Natural gas accounts for almost 99% of the gaseous fuel production represented in GCAM’s calibration year (2015). The natural gas commodity in GCAM includes all gaseous fuels produced at gas wells, the gaseous co-products from oil production, and gas produced from coal mines and coal seams. The natural gas commodity excludes natural gas liquids, and it excludes gas that is vented, flared, or re-injected. Further information is available in [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/~~energy~~.html#mapping-the-iea-energy-balances Mapping the IEA Energy Balances] and [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/~~energy~~.html#~~references~~ IEA (2011)].		Natural gas accounts for almost 99% of the gaseous fuel production represented in GCAM’s calibration year (2015). The natural gas commodity in GCAM includes all gaseous fuels produced at gas wells, the gaseous co-products from oil production, and gas produced from coal mines and coal seams. The natural gas commodity excludes natural gas liquids, and it excludes gas that is vented, flared, or re-injected. Further information is available in [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/details_inputs.html#mapping-the-iea-energy-balances Mapping the IEA Energy Balances] and [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#iea2011 IEA (2011)]. In the gas processing sector, the natural gas technology is assigned an input-output coefficient of 1, as natural gas plant fuel is not a disaggregated flow in the IEA energy balances.

	~~In the~~ gas ~~processing sector~~, ~~the natural~~ gas ~~technology~~ is ~~assigned an input~~-~~output coefficient~~ of 1, as natural gas ~~plant fuel is not~~ a ~~disaggregated flow in the IEA energy balances~~.		=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#coal-gasification Coal Gasification] ===
			The GCAM coal gasification technology in historical years represents gas works gas, or town gas, that is produced from coal. It does not include blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and other coal-derived gaseous fuels that are by-products of other activities, and typically consumed on-site. Many regions produced no coal gas in 2010. In future periods, the technology represents a broader suite of coal gasification processes that are capable of producing a commodity that competes for market share with natural gas. See [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#linden1976 Linden et al. 1976] for a review of technologies for producing pipeline-grade gaseous fuels from coal.

	=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/~~energy~~.html#~~coal~~-gasification ~~Coal~~ Gasification] ===		=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#biomass-gasification Biomass Gasification] ===
	~~The GCAM coal gasification technology in~~ historical years ~~represents gas works gas~~, or ~~town gas~~, ~~that~~ is ~~produced~~ from ~~coal. It does not include blast furnace gas~~, ~~coke oven gas~~, and ~~other coal-derived gaseous fuels~~ that are ~~by-products of other activities,~~ and ~~typically consumed on-site~~. ~~Many regions produced no~~ coal ~~gas~~ in ~~2010. In~~ future periods, ~~the technology represents~~ a ~~broader~~ suite of ~~coal gasification~~ processes that ~~are capable~~ of ~~producing~~ a ~~commodity that competes for market share with natural gas. See~~ [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/~~energy~~.html#~~references Linden~~ et al. ~~1976~~] ~~for a review of technologies for producing pipeline-grade gaseous fuels from coal~~.		In historical years, biomass gasification, or biogas, is considered to be gases captured from landfills, sludge, and agricultural wastes, that are used to provide heat and power. As with coal gasification, in future periods, biomass gasification is intended to represent a suite of processes that convert biomass feedstocks into pipeline-grade gaseous fuels that can be used by a variety of end users. For a technical description see [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#zwart2006 Zwart et al. 2006].

	=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/~~energy.html#biomass-gasification Biomass Gasification] ===~~		=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#gas-pipeline-delivered-gas-and-wholesale-gas Gas Pipeline, Delivered Gas, and Wholesale Gas] ===
	In historical years, biomass gasification, or biogas, is considered to be gases captured from landfills, sludge, and agricultural wastes, that are used to provide heat and power. As with coal gasification, in future periods, biomass gasification is intended to represent a suite of processes that convert biomass feedstocks into pipeline-grade gaseous fuels that can be used by a variety of end users. For a technical description see [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#references Zwart et al. 2006].

	~~=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy~~.html#gas-pipeline-delivered-gas-and-wholesale-gas Gas Pipeline, Delivered Gas, and Wholesale Gas] ===
	The gas pipeline sector explicitly represents the energy consumed by compressors for transmission and distribution of natural gas. Delivered gas and wholesale gas are differentiated in their consumers and therefore cost mark-ups; delivered gas refers to gas used by the buildings and transportation sectors, whereas wholesale gas is used by industrial and energy sector consumers. The historical input-output coefficient of the gas pipeline sector in any region is estimated as the sum of reported pipeline energy consumption, delivered gas, and wholesale gas, divided by the sum of delivered gas and wholesale gas.		The gas pipeline sector explicitly represents the energy consumed by compressors for transmission and distribution of natural gas. Delivered gas and wholesale gas are differentiated in their consumers and therefore cost mark-ups; delivered gas refers to gas used by the buildings and transportation sectors, whereas wholesale gas is used by industrial and energy sector consumers. The historical input-output coefficient of the gas pipeline sector in any region is estimated as the sum of reported pipeline energy consumption, delivered gas, and wholesale gas, divided by the sum of delivered gas and wholesale gas.

	== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/~~energy~~.html#hydrogen Hydrogen] ==		== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#hydrogen Hydrogen] ==
	Hydrogen ~~in GCAM~~ is ~~modeled purely~~ as a future ~~energy commodity; while industrial scale volumes of hydrogen are currently produced (e.g., at oil refineries or ammonia plants), the present-day use of hydrogen~~ is ~~almost entirely~~ for ~~non-~~energy ~~purposes~~. Hydrogen is not treated as a fuel in the [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/~~energy~~.html#~~references~~ IEA ~~Energy Balances IEA 2012~~], or most other energy statistics. As such, the use of hydrogen as ~~an energy carrier is assumed zero in~~ the ~~base years~~ of ~~GCAM~~, and ~~starting in 2020 it~~ is ~~allowed to compete~~ for ~~market share supplying heat~~ and ~~power in~~ the ~~industrial sector~~, and ~~for vehicle fuel in~~ the [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/~~energy~~.html#~~transportation transportation sector~~].		Hydrogen is represented as a commodity in future time periods that is available for various energy and industrial processes. Hydrogen is not treated as a fuel in the IEA Energy Balances, [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#iea2019 IEA 2019], or most other energy statistics. As such, the representation excludes the on-site production and use of hydrogen at oil refineries, ammonia plants, and other present-day industrial facilities. The representation of hydrogen in GCAM includes 10 “central” production technologies, as well as 2 “forecourt” (i.e. on-site) production technologies, which may have higher costs due to the economies of scale and higher capacity factors of central production, but the forecourt technologies avoid the costs and energy requirements of distribution. The hydrogen distribution representation differentiates a range of hydrogen commodities whose costs largely reflect the various temperatures and pressures at which hydrogen is transported and stored for different end-use applications. Production technology costs and energy intensities are from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hydrogen Analysis (H2A) models [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#nrel2018 NREL 2018], and the distribution costs and energy intensities are from Argonne’s Hydrogen Delivery Scenario Analysis Model (HDSAM) [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/supply_energy.html#anl2015 ANL 2015]. See [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/details_energy.html#hydrogen hydrogen details] for more information.

Matthew Binsted at 19:19, 1 September 2020

2020-09-01T19:19:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:19, 1 September 2020
Line 5:		Line 5:

	== Gas Processing ==		== Gas Processing ==
	The three subsectors of the gas processing sector, and the downstream sectors are described below and in the [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#gas-processing documentation].		The three subsectors of the gas processing sector, and the downstream sectors are described below and in the [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#gas-processing documentation]. Click on each heading to bring you to the corresponding section in the documentation.

	=== Natural Gas ===		=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#natural-gas Natural Gas] ===
	Natural gas accounts for almost 99% of the gaseous fuel production represented in GCAM’s calibration year (2015). The natural gas commodity in GCAM includes all gaseous fuels produced at gas wells, the gaseous co-products from oil production, and gas produced from coal mines and coal seams. The natural gas commodity excludes natural gas liquids, and it excludes gas that is vented, flared, or re-injected. Further information is available in [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#mapping-the-iea-energy-balances Mapping the IEA Energy Balances] and IEA (2011).		Natural gas accounts for almost 99% of the gaseous fuel production represented in GCAM’s calibration year (2015). The natural gas commodity in GCAM includes all gaseous fuels produced at gas wells, the gaseous co-products from oil production, and gas produced from coal mines and coal seams. The natural gas commodity excludes natural gas liquids, and it excludes gas that is vented, flared, or re-injected. Further information is available in [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#mapping-the-iea-energy-balances Mapping the IEA Energy Balances] and [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#references IEA (2011)].

	In the gas processing sector, the natural gas technology is assigned an input-output coefficient of 1, as natural gas plant fuel is not a disaggregated flow in the IEA energy balances ~~[http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#natural-gas <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>]~~.		In the gas processing sector, the natural gas technology is assigned an input-output coefficient of 1, as natural gas plant fuel is not a disaggregated flow in the IEA energy balances.

	=== Coal Gasification ===		=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#coal-gasification Coal Gasification] ===
	The GCAM coal gasification technology in historical years represents gas works gas, or town gas, that is produced from coal. It does not include blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and other coal-derived gaseous fuels that are by-products of other activities, and typically consumed on-site. Many regions produced no coal gas in 2010. In future periods, the technology represents a broader suite of coal gasification processes that are capable of producing a commodity that competes for market share with natural gas [~~http~~://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#~~coal-gasification <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>]. See~~ Linden et al. 1976 for a review of technologies for producing pipeline-grade gaseous fuels from coal.		The GCAM coal gasification technology in historical years represents gas works gas, or town gas, that is produced from coal. It does not include blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and other coal-derived gaseous fuels that are by-products of other activities, and typically consumed on-site. Many regions produced no coal gas in 2010. In future periods, the technology represents a broader suite of coal gasification processes that are capable of producing a commodity that competes for market share with natural gas. See [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#references Linden et al. 1976] for a review of technologies for producing pipeline-grade gaseous fuels from coal.

	=== Biomass Gasification ===		=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#biomass-gasification Biomass Gasification] ===
	In historical years, biomass gasification, or biogas, is considered to be gases captured from landfills, sludge, and agricultural wastes, that are used to provide heat and power. As with coal gasification, in future periods, biomass gasification is intended to represent a suite of processes that convert biomass feedstocks into pipeline-grade gaseous fuels that can be used by a variety of end users [~~http~~://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#~~biomass-gasification <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>]. For a technical description see~~ Zwart et al. 2006.		In historical years, biomass gasification, or biogas, is considered to be gases captured from landfills, sludge, and agricultural wastes, that are used to provide heat and power. As with coal gasification, in future periods, biomass gasification is intended to represent a suite of processes that convert biomass feedstocks into pipeline-grade gaseous fuels that can be used by a variety of end users. For a technical description see [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#references Zwart et al. 2006].

	=== Gas Pipeline, Delivered Gas, and Wholesale Gas ===		=== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#gas-pipeline-delivered-gas-and-wholesale-gas Gas Pipeline, Delivered Gas, and Wholesale Gas] ===
	The gas pipeline sector explicitly represents the energy consumed by compressors for transmission and distribution of natural gas. Delivered gas and wholesale gas are differentiated in their consumers and therefore cost mark-ups; delivered gas refers to gas used by the buildings and transportation sectors, whereas wholesale gas is used by industrial and energy sector consumers. The historical input-output coefficient of the gas pipeline sector in any region is estimated as the sum of reported pipeline energy consumption, delivered gas, and wholesale gas, divided by the sum of delivered gas and wholesale gas~~[http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#gas-pipeline-delivered-gas-and-wholesale-gas <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>]~~.		The gas pipeline sector explicitly represents the energy consumed by compressors for transmission and distribution of natural gas. Delivered gas and wholesale gas are differentiated in their consumers and therefore cost mark-ups; delivered gas refers to gas used by the buildings and transportation sectors, whereas wholesale gas is used by industrial and energy sector consumers. The historical input-output coefficient of the gas pipeline sector in any region is estimated as the sum of reported pipeline energy consumption, delivered gas, and wholesale gas, divided by the sum of delivered gas and wholesale gas.

	== Hydrogen ==		== [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#hydrogen Hydrogen] ==
	Hydrogen in GCAM is modeled purely as a future energy commodity; while industrial scale volumes of hydrogen are currently produced (e.g., at oil refineries or ammonia plants), the present-day use of hydrogen is almost entirely for non-energy purposes. Hydrogen is not treated as a fuel in the IEA Energy Balances IEA 2012, or most other energy statistics. As such, the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier is assumed zero in the base years of GCAM, and starting in 2020 it is allowed to compete for market share supplying heat and power in the industrial sector, and for vehicle fuel in the ~~transportation sector~~ [~~http~~://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#~~hydrogen <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>].~~		Hydrogen in GCAM is modeled purely as a future energy commodity; while industrial scale volumes of hydrogen are currently produced (e.g., at oil refineries or ammonia plants), the present-day use of hydrogen is almost entirely for non-energy purposes. Hydrogen is not treated as a fuel in the [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#references IEA Energy Balances IEA 2012], or most other energy statistics. As such, the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier is assumed zero in the base years of GCAM, and starting in 2020 it is allowed to compete for market share supplying heat and power in the industrial sector, and for vehicle fuel in the [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#transportation transportation sector].

	~~== References ==~~
	~~[IEA 2011] International Energy Agency, 2011, ''Energy Balances of OECD Countries: Documentation for Beyond 2020 Files'', International Energy Agency, Paris, France.~~

	~~[IEA 2012] International Energy Agency, 2011, ''Energy Balances of OECD Countries 1960-2010 and Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries 1971-2010'', International Energy Agency, Paris, France.~~

	~~[Linden et al. 1976~~] Linden, H.R., Bodle, W.W., Lee, B.S., and Vyas, K.C. 1976. Production of high-btu gas from coal. ''Annual Reviews of Energy'' 1, pp. 65-86. [https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.eg.01.110176.000433 Link]

	[Zwart et al. 2006] Zwart, R., Boerrigter, H., Deurwaarder, E.P., van der Meijden, C.M., and van Paasen, S.V.B. 2006. ''Production of Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) from Biomass: Development and operation of an integrated bio-SNG system''. Report ECN-E-06-018, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands.

Matthew Binsted at 18:04, 27 August 2020

2020-08-27T18:04:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:04, 27 August 2020
Line 5:		Line 5:

	== Gas Processing ==		== Gas Processing ==
	The three subsectors of the gas processing sector, and the downstream sectors are described below and in the ~~documentation~~ [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#gas-processing ~~<nowiki>[1]</nowiki>~~].		The three subsectors of the gas processing sector, and the downstream sectors are described below and in the [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#gas-processing documentation].

	=== Natural Gas ===		=== Natural Gas ===
	Natural gas accounts for almost 99% of the gaseous fuel production represented in GCAM’s calibration year (2015). The natural gas commodity in GCAM includes all gaseous fuels produced at gas wells, the gaseous co-products from oil production, and gas produced from coal mines and coal seams. The natural gas commodity excludes natural gas liquids, and it excludes gas that is vented, flared, or re-injected. Further information is available in [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#mapping-the-iea-energy-balances Mapping the IEA Energy Balances] and IEA (2011).		Natural gas accounts for almost 99% of the gaseous fuel production represented in GCAM’s calibration year (2015). The natural gas commodity in GCAM includes all gaseous fuels produced at gas wells, the gaseous co-products from oil production, and gas produced from coal mines and coal seams. The natural gas commodity excludes natural gas liquids, and it excludes gas that is vented, flared, or re-injected. Further information is available in [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#mapping-the-iea-energy-balances Mapping the IEA Energy Balances] and IEA (2011).

	In the gas processing sector, the natural gas technology is assigned an input-output coefficient of 1, as natural gas plant fuel is not a disaggregated flow in the IEA energy balances [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#natural-gas <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>].		In the gas processing sector, the natural gas technology is assigned an input-output coefficient of 1, as natural gas plant fuel is not a disaggregated flow in the IEA energy balances [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#natural-gas <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>].

	=== Coal Gasification ===		=== Coal Gasification ===
	The GCAM coal gasification technology in historical years represents gas works gas, or town gas, that is produced from coal. It does not include blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and other coal-derived gaseous fuels that are by-products of other activities, and typically consumed on-site. Many regions produced no coal gas in 2010. In future periods, the technology represents a broader suite of coal gasification processes that are capable of producing a commodity that competes for market share with natural gas~~. See Linden et al. 1976 for a review of technologies for producing pipeline-grade gaseous fuels from coal~~ [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#coal-gasification <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>].		The GCAM coal gasification technology in historical years represents gas works gas, or town gas, that is produced from coal. It does not include blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and other coal-derived gaseous fuels that are by-products of other activities, and typically consumed on-site. Many regions produced no coal gas in 2010. In future periods, the technology represents a broader suite of coal gasification processes that are capable of producing a commodity that competes for market share with natural gas [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#coal-gasification <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>]. See Linden et al. 1976 for a review of technologies for producing pipeline-grade gaseous fuels from coal.

	=== Biomass Gasification ===		=== Biomass Gasification ===
	In historical years, biomass gasification, or biogas, is considered to be gases captured from landfills, sludge, and agricultural wastes, that are used to provide heat and power. As with coal gasification, in future periods, biomass gasification is intended to represent a suite of processes that convert biomass feedstocks into pipeline-grade gaseous fuels that can be used by a variety of end users~~. For a technical description see Zwart et al. 2006~~ [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#biomass-gasification <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>].		In historical years, biomass gasification, or biogas, is considered to be gases captured from landfills, sludge, and agricultural wastes, that are used to provide heat and power. As with coal gasification, in future periods, biomass gasification is intended to represent a suite of processes that convert biomass feedstocks into pipeline-grade gaseous fuels that can be used by a variety of end users [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#biomass-gasification <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>]. For a technical description see Zwart et al. 2006.

	=== Gas Pipeline, Delivered Gas, and Wholesale Gas ===		=== Gas Pipeline, Delivered Gas, and Wholesale Gas ===
	The gas pipeline sector explicitly represents the energy consumed by compressors for transmission and distribution of natural gas. Delivered gas and wholesale gas are differentiated in their consumers and therefore cost mark-ups; delivered gas refers to gas used by the buildings and transportation sectors, whereas wholesale gas is used by industrial and energy sector consumers. The historical input-output coefficient of the gas pipeline sector in any region is estimated as the sum of reported pipeline energy consumption, delivered gas, and wholesale gas, divided by the sum of delivered gas and wholesale ~~gas.~~		The gas pipeline sector explicitly represents the energy consumed by compressors for transmission and distribution of natural gas. Delivered gas and wholesale gas are differentiated in their consumers and therefore cost mark-ups; delivered gas refers to gas used by the buildings and transportation sectors, whereas wholesale gas is used by industrial and energy sector consumers. The historical input-output coefficient of the gas pipeline sector in any region is estimated as the sum of reported pipeline energy consumption, delivered gas, and wholesale gas, divided by the sum of delivered gas and wholesale gas[http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#gas-pipeline-delivered-gas-and-wholesale-gas <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>].

	Note however that the following sectors consume natural gas upstream of the network shown in the figure above: unconventional oil production, gas-to-liquids refineries, and central hydrogen production. The gas used by these three processes is not assigned the cost mark-ups or upstream pipeline losses assumed in other industrial or energy sector consumers, and there is no capacity for the model to supply the gas used for these purposes with coal- or biomass-derived gas [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#gas-pipeline-delivered-gas-and-wholesale-gas <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>].

	== Hydrogen ==		== Hydrogen ==
	Hydrogen in GCAM is modeled purely as a future energy commodity; while industrial scale volumes of hydrogen are currently produced (e.g., at oil refineries or ammonia plants), the present-day use of hydrogen is almost entirely for non-energy purposes. Hydrogen is not treated as a fuel in the IEA Energy Balances IEA 2012, or most other energy statistics. As such, the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier is assumed zero in the base years of GCAM, and starting in 2020 it is allowed to compete for market share supplying heat and power in the industrial sector, and for vehicle fuel in the transportation sector [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#hydrogen <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>].		Hydrogen in GCAM is modeled purely as a future energy commodity; while industrial scale volumes of hydrogen are currently produced (e.g., at oil refineries or ammonia plants), the present-day use of hydrogen is almost entirely for non-energy purposes. Hydrogen is not treated as a fuel in the IEA Energy Balances IEA 2012, or most other energy statistics. As such, the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier is assumed zero in the base years of GCAM, and starting in 2020 it is allowed to compete for market share supplying heat and power in the industrial sector, and for vehicle fuel in the transportation sector [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#hydrogen <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>].

	== References ==		== References ==

Matthew Binsted: /* Natural Gas */

2020-08-25T14:58:35Z

Natural Gas

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:58, 25 August 2020
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	Natural gas accounts for almost 99% of the gaseous fuel production represented in GCAM’s calibration year (2015). The natural gas commodity in GCAM includes all gaseous fuels produced at gas wells, the gaseous co-products from oil production, and gas produced from coal mines and coal seams. The natural gas commodity excludes natural gas liquids, and it excludes gas that is vented, flared, or re-injected. Further information is available in [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#mapping-the-iea-energy-balances Mapping the IEA Energy Balances] and IEA (2011).		Natural gas accounts for almost 99% of the gaseous fuel production represented in GCAM’s calibration year (2015). The natural gas commodity in GCAM includes all gaseous fuels produced at gas wells, the gaseous co-products from oil production, and gas produced from coal mines and coal seams. The natural gas commodity excludes natural gas liquids, and it excludes gas that is vented, flared, or re-injected. Further information is available in [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#mapping-the-iea-energy-balances Mapping the IEA Energy Balances] and IEA (2011).

	In the gas processing sector, the natural gas technology is assigned an input-output coefficient of 1, as natural gas plant fuel is not a disaggregated flow in the IEA energy balances.		In the gas processing sector, the natural gas technology is assigned an input-output coefficient of 1, as natural gas plant fuel is not a disaggregated flow in the IEA energy balances [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#natural-gas <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>].

	=== Coal Gasification ===		=== Coal Gasification ===
	The GCAM coal gasification technology in historical years represents gas works gas, or town gas, that is produced from coal. It does not include blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and other coal-derived gaseous fuels that are by-products of other activities, and typically consumed on-site. Many regions produced no coal gas in 2010. In future periods, the technology represents a broader suite of coal gasification processes that are capable of producing a commodity that competes for market share with natural gas. See Linden et al. 1976 for a review of technologies for producing pipeline-grade gaseous fuels from coal.		The GCAM coal gasification technology in historical years represents gas works gas, or town gas, that is produced from coal. It does not include blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and other coal-derived gaseous fuels that are by-products of other activities, and typically consumed on-site. Many regions produced no coal gas in 2010. In future periods, the technology represents a broader suite of coal gasification processes that are capable of producing a commodity that competes for market share with natural gas. See Linden et al. 1976 for a review of technologies for producing pipeline-grade gaseous fuels from coal [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#coal-gasification <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>].

	=== Biomass Gasification ===		=== Biomass Gasification ===
	In historical years, biomass gasification, or biogas, is considered to be gases captured from landfills, sludge, and agricultural wastes, that are used to provide heat and power. As with coal gasification, in future periods, biomass gasification is intended to represent a suite of processes that convert biomass feedstocks into pipeline-grade gaseous fuels that can be used by a variety of end users. For a technical description see Zwart et al. 2006.		In historical years, biomass gasification, or biogas, is considered to be gases captured from landfills, sludge, and agricultural wastes, that are used to provide heat and power. As with coal gasification, in future periods, biomass gasification is intended to represent a suite of processes that convert biomass feedstocks into pipeline-grade gaseous fuels that can be used by a variety of end users. For a technical description see Zwart et al. 2006 [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#biomass-gasification <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>].

	=== Gas Pipeline, Delivered Gas, and Wholesale Gas ===		=== Gas Pipeline, Delivered Gas, and Wholesale Gas ===
	The gas pipeline sector explicitly represents the energy consumed by compressors for transmission and distribution of natural gas. Delivered gas and wholesale gas are differentiated in their consumers and therefore cost mark-ups; delivered gas refers to gas used by the buildings and transportation sectors, whereas wholesale gas is used by industrial and energy sector consumers. The historical input-output coefficient of the gas pipeline sector in any region is estimated as the sum of reported pipeline energy consumption, delivered gas, and wholesale gas, divided by the sum of delivered gas and wholesale gas.		The gas pipeline sector explicitly represents the energy consumed by compressors for transmission and distribution of natural gas. Delivered gas and wholesale gas are differentiated in their consumers and therefore cost mark-ups; delivered gas refers to gas used by the buildings and transportation sectors, whereas wholesale gas is used by industrial and energy sector consumers. The historical input-output coefficient of the gas pipeline sector in any region is estimated as the sum of reported pipeline energy consumption, delivered gas, and wholesale gas, divided by the sum of delivered gas and wholesale gas.

	Note however that the following sectors consume natural gas upstream of the network shown in the figure above: unconventional oil production, gas-to-liquids refineries, and central hydrogen production. The gas used by these three processes is not assigned the cost mark-ups or upstream pipeline losses assumed in other industrial or energy sector consumers, and there is no capacity for the model to supply the gas used for these purposes with coal- or biomass-derived gas.		Note however that the following sectors consume natural gas upstream of the network shown in the figure above: unconventional oil production, gas-to-liquids refineries, and central hydrogen production. The gas used by these three processes is not assigned the cost mark-ups or upstream pipeline losses assumed in other industrial or energy sector consumers, and there is no capacity for the model to supply the gas used for these purposes with coal- or biomass-derived gas [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#gas-pipeline-delivered-gas-and-wholesale-gas <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>].

	== Hydrogen ==		== Hydrogen ==
	Hydrogen in GCAM is modeled purely as a future energy commodity; while industrial scale volumes of hydrogen are currently produced (e.g., at oil refineries or ammonia plants), the present-day use of hydrogen is almost entirely for non-energy purposes. Hydrogen is not treated as a fuel in the IEA Energy Balances IEA 2012, or most other energy statistics. As such, the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier is assumed zero in the base years of GCAM, and starting in 2020 it is allowed to compete for market share supplying heat and power in the industrial sector, and for vehicle fuel in the transportation sector [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#hydrogen <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>].		Hydrogen in GCAM is modeled purely as a future energy commodity; while industrial scale volumes of hydrogen are currently produced (e.g., at oil refineries or ammonia plants), the present-day use of hydrogen is almost entirely for non-energy purposes. Hydrogen is not treated as a fuel in the IEA Energy Balances IEA 2012, or most other energy statistics. As such, the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier is assumed zero in the base years of GCAM, and starting in 2020 it is allowed to compete for market share supplying heat and power in the industrial sector, and for vehicle fuel in the transportation sector [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#hydrogen <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>].

	== References ==		== References ==

Matthew Binsted at 20:59, 19 August 2020

2020-08-19T20:59:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:59, 19 August 2020
Line 8:		Line 8:

	=== Natural Gas ===		=== Natural Gas ===
	Natural gas accounts for almost 99% of the gaseous fuel production represented in GCAM’s calibration year (2015). The natural gas commodity in GCAM includes all gaseous fuels produced at gas wells, the gaseous co-products from oil production, and gas produced from coal mines and coal seams. The natural gas commodity excludes natural gas liquids, and it excludes gas that is vented, flared, or re-injected. Further information is available in Mapping the IEA Energy Balances and IEA (2011).		Natural gas accounts for almost 99% of the gaseous fuel production represented in GCAM’s calibration year (2015). The natural gas commodity in GCAM includes all gaseous fuels produced at gas wells, the gaseous co-products from oil production, and gas produced from coal mines and coal seams. The natural gas commodity excludes natural gas liquids, and it excludes gas that is vented, flared, or re-injected. Further information is available in [https://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#mapping-the-iea-energy-balances Mapping the IEA Energy Balances] and IEA (2011).

	In the gas processing sector, the natural gas technology is assigned an input-output coefficient of 1, as natural gas plant fuel is not a disaggregated flow in the IEA energy balances.		In the gas processing sector, the natural gas technology is assigned an input-output coefficient of 1, as natural gas plant fuel is not a disaggregated flow in the IEA energy balances.

Matthew Binsted at 20:57, 19 August 2020

2020-08-19T20:57:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:57, 19 August 2020
Line 27:		Line 27:

	== References ==		== References ==
	[IEA 2011] International Energy Agency, 2011, ''Energy Balances of OECD Countries: Documentation for Beyond 2020 Files'', International Energy Agency, Paris, France. ~~Link~~		[IEA 2011] International Energy Agency, 2011, ''Energy Balances of OECD Countries: Documentation for Beyond 2020 Files'', International Energy Agency, Paris, France.

	[IEA 2012] International Energy Agency, 2011, ''Energy Balances of OECD Countries 1960-2010 and Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries 1971-2010'', International Energy Agency, Paris, France. ~~Link~~		[IEA 2012] International Energy Agency, 2011, ''Energy Balances of OECD Countries 1960-2010 and Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries 1971-2010'', International Energy Agency, Paris, France.

	[Linden et al. 1976] Linden, H.R., Bodle, W.W., Lee, B.S., and Vyas, K.C. 1976. Production of high-btu gas from coal. ''Annual Reviews of Energy'' 1, pp. 65-86. Link		[Linden et al. 1976] Linden, H.R., Bodle, W.W., Lee, B.S., and Vyas, K.C. 1976. Production of high-btu gas from coal. ''Annual Reviews of Energy'' 1, pp. 65-86. [https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.eg.01.110176.000433 Link]

	[Zwart et al. 2006] Zwart, R., Boerrigter, H., Deurwaarder, E.P., van der Meijden, C.M., and van Paasen, S.V.B. 2006. ''Production of Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) from Biomass: Development and operation of an integrated bio-SNG system''. Report ECN-E-06-018, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands. ~~Link~~		[Zwart et al. 2006] Zwart, R., Boerrigter, H., Deurwaarder, E.P., van der Meijden, C.M., and van Paasen, S.V.B. 2006. ''Production of Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) from Biomass: Development and operation of an integrated bio-SNG system''. Report ECN-E-06-018, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands.

Matthew Binsted at 16:15, 19 August 2020

2020-08-19T16:15:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:15, 19 August 2020
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	\|DocumentationCategory=Gaseous fuels		\|DocumentationCategory=Gaseous fuels
	}}		}}

			== Gas Processing ==
			The three subsectors of the gas processing sector, and the downstream sectors are described below and in the documentation [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#gas-processing <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>].

			=== Natural Gas ===
			Natural gas accounts for almost 99% of the gaseous fuel production represented in GCAM’s calibration year (2015). The natural gas commodity in GCAM includes all gaseous fuels produced at gas wells, the gaseous co-products from oil production, and gas produced from coal mines and coal seams. The natural gas commodity excludes natural gas liquids, and it excludes gas that is vented, flared, or re-injected. Further information is available in Mapping the IEA Energy Balances and IEA (2011).

			In the gas processing sector, the natural gas technology is assigned an input-output coefficient of 1, as natural gas plant fuel is not a disaggregated flow in the IEA energy balances.

			=== Coal Gasification ===
			The GCAM coal gasification technology in historical years represents gas works gas, or town gas, that is produced from coal. It does not include blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and other coal-derived gaseous fuels that are by-products of other activities, and typically consumed on-site. Many regions produced no coal gas in 2010. In future periods, the technology represents a broader suite of coal gasification processes that are capable of producing a commodity that competes for market share with natural gas. See Linden et al. 1976 for a review of technologies for producing pipeline-grade gaseous fuels from coal.

			=== Biomass Gasification ===
			In historical years, biomass gasification, or biogas, is considered to be gases captured from landfills, sludge, and agricultural wastes, that are used to provide heat and power. As with coal gasification, in future periods, biomass gasification is intended to represent a suite of processes that convert biomass feedstocks into pipeline-grade gaseous fuels that can be used by a variety of end users. For a technical description see Zwart et al. 2006.

			=== Gas Pipeline, Delivered Gas, and Wholesale Gas ===
			The gas pipeline sector explicitly represents the energy consumed by compressors for transmission and distribution of natural gas. Delivered gas and wholesale gas are differentiated in their consumers and therefore cost mark-ups; delivered gas refers to gas used by the buildings and transportation sectors, whereas wholesale gas is used by industrial and energy sector consumers. The historical input-output coefficient of the gas pipeline sector in any region is estimated as the sum of reported pipeline energy consumption, delivered gas, and wholesale gas, divided by the sum of delivered gas and wholesale gas.

			Note however that the following sectors consume natural gas upstream of the network shown in the figure above: unconventional oil production, gas-to-liquids refineries, and central hydrogen production. The gas used by these three processes is not assigned the cost mark-ups or upstream pipeline losses assumed in other industrial or energy sector consumers, and there is no capacity for the model to supply the gas used for these purposes with coal- or biomass-derived gas.

			== Hydrogen ==
			Hydrogen in GCAM is modeled purely as a future energy commodity; while industrial scale volumes of hydrogen are currently produced (e.g., at oil refineries or ammonia plants), the present-day use of hydrogen is almost entirely for non-energy purposes. Hydrogen is not treated as a fuel in the IEA Energy Balances IEA 2012, or most other energy statistics. As such, the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier is assumed zero in the base years of GCAM, and starting in 2020 it is allowed to compete for market share supplying heat and power in the industrial sector, and for vehicle fuel in the transportation sector [http://jgcri.github.io/gcam-doc/energy.html#hydrogen <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>].

			== References ==
			[IEA 2011] International Energy Agency, 2011, ''Energy Balances of OECD Countries: Documentation for Beyond 2020 Files'', International Energy Agency, Paris, France. Link

			[IEA 2012] International Energy Agency, 2011, ''Energy Balances of OECD Countries 1960-2010 and Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries 1971-2010'', International Energy Agency, Paris, France. Link

			[Linden et al. 1976] Linden, H.R., Bodle, W.W., Lee, B.S., and Vyas, K.C. 1976. Production of high-btu gas from coal. ''Annual Reviews of Energy'' 1, pp. 65-86. Link

			[Zwart et al. 2006] Zwart, R., Boerrigter, H., Deurwaarder, E.P., van der Meijden, C.M., and van Paasen, S.V.B. 2006. ''Production of Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) from Biomass: Development and operation of an integrated bio-SNG system''. Report ECN-E-06-018, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands. Link

Rineke Oostenrijk: Text replacement - "CGAM" to "GCAM"

2020-03-02T12:05:18Z

Text replacement - "CGAM" to "GCAM"

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	{{ModelDocumentationTemplate		{{ModelDocumentationTemplate
	\|IsDocumentationOf=~~CGAM~~		\|IsDocumentationOf=GCAM
	\|DocumentationCategory=Gaseous fuels		\|DocumentationCategory=Gaseous fuels
	}}		}}

Rineke Oostenrijk: Text replacement - "|IsDocumentationOf=GAMS" to "|IsDocumentationOf=CGAM"

2020-03-02T11:19:03Z

Text replacement - "|IsDocumentationOf=GAMS" to "|IsDocumentationOf=CGAM"

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	{{ModelDocumentationTemplate		{{ModelDocumentationTemplate
	\|IsDocumentationOf=~~GAMS~~		\|IsDocumentationOf=CGAM
	\|DocumentationCategory=Gaseous fuels		\|DocumentationCategory=Gaseous fuels
	}}		}}