https://www.iamcdocumentation.eu/history/Model_concept,_solver_and_details_-_TIAM-UCL?feed=atomModel concept, solver and details - TIAM-UCL - Revision history2026-06-24T20:26:46ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.15https://www.iamcdocumentation.eu/index.php?title=Model_concept,_solver_and_details_-_TIAM-UCL&diff=12438&oldid=prevOlivier Dessens at 13:54, 13 May 20202020-05-13T13:54:31Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Software ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Software ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>TIAM is a whole energy system model covering from energy resources to conversion to infrastructure to end-use sectors.This is a linear programming model that minimises total discounted energy system cost in the standard version and maximises societal welfare (total surplus) in the elastic demand version to compute a partial equilibrium. Linear programming is formulated in the GAMS (General Algebraic Modelling System) language and solved via powerful linear programming optimisers (CPLEX, XPRESS).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>TIAM is a whole energy system model covering from energy resources to conversion to infrastructure to end-use sectors.This is a linear programming model that minimises total discounted energy system cost in the standard version and maximises societal welfare (total surplus) in the elastic demand version to compute a partial equilibrium. Linear programming is formulated in the GAMS (General Algebraic Modelling System) language and solved via powerful linear programming optimisers (CPLEX, XPRESS <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">or others</ins>).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>VEDA Front-End (VEDA_FE) is one of the two interfaces available for the TIMES model. It is used to formulate the TIAM-UCL model database that lay down the basic structure of the model and hold fundamental data and assumptions for processes (technologies) and commodities. VEDA is a set of tools geared to facilitate the creation, maintenance, browsing, and modification of the large data bases required by complex mathematical and economic models. Data and assumptions are fed into VEDA_FE that provides input to the TIMES code. VEDA_FE accepts input from a variety of Excel files with different (flexible) structures that are tailored to work efficiently with data intensive models. The model is sent from VEDA_FE to GAMS where it is run. The results are then loaded into another interface, VEDA Back-End (VEDA_BE), where they can be manipulated and interpreted as necessary.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>VEDA Front-End (VEDA_FE) is one of the two interfaces available for the TIMES model. It is used to formulate the TIAM-UCL model database that lay down the basic structure of the model and hold fundamental data and assumptions for processes (technologies) and commodities. VEDA is a set of tools geared to facilitate the creation, maintenance, browsing, and modification of the large data bases required by complex mathematical and economic models. Data and assumptions are fed into VEDA_FE that provides input to the TIMES code. VEDA_FE accepts input from a variety of Excel files with different (flexible) structures that are tailored to work efficiently with data intensive models. The model is sent from VEDA_FE to GAMS where it is run. The results are then loaded into another interface, VEDA Back-End (VEDA_BE), where they can be manipulated and interpreted as necessary.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Olivier Dessenshttps://www.iamcdocumentation.eu/index.php?title=Model_concept,_solver_and_details_-_TIAM-UCL&diff=6436&oldid=prevMatthew Winning at 19:17, 14 December 20162016-12-14T19:17:46Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:17, 14 December 2016</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Software ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Software ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>TIAM is a whole energy system model covering from energy resources to conversion to infrastructure to end-use sectors.This is a linear programming model that minimises total discounted energy system cost in the standard version and maximises societal welfare (total surplus) in the elastic demand version to compute a partial equilibrium.Linear programming is formulated in the GAMS (General Algebraic Modelling System) language and solved via powerful linear programming optimisers (CPLEX, XPRESS).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>TIAM is a whole energy system model covering from energy resources to conversion to infrastructure to end-use sectors.This is a linear programming model that minimises total discounted energy system cost in the standard version and maximises societal welfare (total surplus) in the elastic demand version to compute a partial equilibrium. Linear programming is formulated in the GAMS (General Algebraic Modelling System) language and solved via powerful linear programming optimisers (CPLEX, XPRESS).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>VEDA Front-End (VEDA_FE) is one of the two interfaces available for <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MARKAL and </del>TIMES model. It is used to formulate the TIAM-UCL model database that lay down the basic structure of the model and hold fundamental data and assumptions for processes (technologies) and commodities. VEDA is a set of tools geared to facilitate the creation, maintenance, browsing, and modification of the large data bases required by complex mathematical and economic models. Data and assumptions are fed into VEDA_FE that provides input to the TIMES code. VEDA_FE accepts input from a variety of Excel files with different (flexible) structures that are tailored to work efficiently with data intensive models.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>VEDA Front-End (VEDA_FE) is one of the two interfaces available for <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the </ins>TIMES model. It is used to formulate the TIAM-UCL model database that lay down the basic structure of the model and hold fundamental data and assumptions for processes (technologies) and commodities. VEDA is a set of tools geared to facilitate the creation, maintenance, browsing, and modification of the large data bases required by complex mathematical and economic models. Data and assumptions are fed into VEDA_FE that provides input to the TIMES code. VEDA_FE accepts input from a variety of Excel files with different (flexible) structures that are tailored to work efficiently with data intensive models<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. The model is sent from VEDA_FE to GAMS where it is run. The results are then loaded into another interface, VEDA Back-End (VEDA_BE), where they can be manipulated and interpreted as necessary</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Modelling to Generate Alternatives==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Modelling to Generate Alternatives==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A critical challenge when working with global energy-environment-economy (E3) models is appropriately exploring the large uncertainties inherent in the modelling procedure. Without careful elucidation, analysts and policy makers alike can be misled by the precision of the model output and lured into a false sense of security at the certainty of the implied energy system transition(s). Broadly speaking, uncertainty in E3 models can be separated into input parameter uncertainty and structural uncertainty. Our focus here is on the latter, which stems from the model not fully capturing the complexity of the system it is trying to represent because, for example, it has necessarily simplified equations, a finite resolution, etc. Over the course of the ADVANCE project we have developed a technique to investigate a key element of structural uncertainty within TIAM-UCL. We have used the approach of modelling to generate alternatives to relax the cost optimality assumption that underpins the model and reformulated its objective function to explore this near optimal solution space. Our technique seeks to identify energy system transition pathways that are as diverse as possible within this near least cost space and as such assess the impact of minor, realistic deviations from cost optimal decision making.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A critical challenge when working with global energy-environment-economy (E3) models is appropriately exploring the large uncertainties inherent in the modelling procedure. Without careful elucidation, analysts and policy makers alike can be misled by the precision of the model output and lured into a false sense of security at the certainty of the implied energy system transition(s). Broadly speaking, uncertainty in E3 models can be separated into input parameter uncertainty and structural uncertainty. Our focus here is on the latter, which stems from the model not fully capturing the complexity of the system it is trying to represent because, for example, it has necessarily simplified equations, a finite resolution, etc. Over the course of the ADVANCE project we have developed a technique to investigate a key element of structural uncertainty within TIAM-UCL. We have used the approach of modelling to generate alternatives to relax the cost optimality assumption that underpins the model and reformulated its objective function to explore this near optimal solution space. Our technique seeks to identify energy system transition pathways that are as diverse as possible within this near least cost space and as such assess the impact of minor, realistic deviations from cost optimal decision making.</div></td></tr>
</table>Matthew Winninghttps://www.iamcdocumentation.eu/index.php?title=Model_concept,_solver_and_details_-_TIAM-UCL&diff=6435&oldid=prevMatthew Winning at 18:52, 14 December 20162016-12-14T18:52:09Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:52, 14 December 2016</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In each region, the TIAM-UCL model describes the entire energy system by all essential current and future energy technologies from the primary energy supply over the processing, conversion, transport, distribution of energy carriers to the end-use sectors and the useful energy demands. These demands are linked to exogenous underlying drivers, like population growth or GDP development, via demand elasticities. Each region can trade one or more resources (fossil fuels and biomass) with other regions. Regional trade will depend on demand, supply (resource availability) and cost (resource and transportation cost) of the resources.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In each region, the TIAM-UCL model describes the entire energy system by all essential current and future energy technologies from the primary energy supply over the processing, conversion, transport, distribution of energy carriers to the end-use sectors and the useful energy demands. These demands are linked to exogenous underlying drivers, like population growth or GDP development, via demand elasticities. Each region can trade one or more resources (fossil fuels and biomass) with other regions. Regional trade will depend on demand, supply (resource availability) and cost (resource and transportation cost) of the resources.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Base-year energy-service demands are exogenous and projected over 2005-2100 using drivers such as GDP, population, household, sector output etc. The base year (2005) final energy consumption is calibrated in the Base-Year templates module. Separate BY templates are available for each region for all end-use sectors, upstream, and the electricity generation sector. A representation of all existing technologies and resources are included in the Base-Year templates to determine the state of teh energy system in the intial period. Technologies available for the future years are modelled in a separate module called 'New Technologies'. Any region can access the technology module if it is cost effective to do so. Resource data such as cost, cumulative and annual availability of different resources are modelled in the 'Resource Module'. The world regions are linked through the trade of goods via the trade module. There are separate modules available for hydrogen production, carbon sequestration, land-use CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, N<sub>2</sub>O measures, CH<sub>4</sub> measures, etc. Climate module calculates impacts of GHG emissions in the Atmosphere (CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and temperature changes). Beside these modules, there are several scenario files which are used to apply different policies and constraints.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Base-year energy-service demands are exogenous and projected over 2005-2100 using drivers such as GDP, population, household, sector output etc. The base year (2005) final energy consumption is calibrated in the Base-Year templates module. Separate BY templates are available for each region for all end-use sectors, upstream, and the electricity generation sector. A representation of all existing technologies and resources are included in the Base-Year templates to determine the state of teh energy system in the intial period. Technologies available for the future years are modelled in a separate module called 'New Technologies'. Any region can access the technology module if it is cost effective to do so. Resource data such as cost, cumulative and annual availability of different resources are modelled in the 'Resource Module'. The world regions are linked through the trade of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">energy </ins>goods <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and CO2 </ins>via the trade module. There are separate modules available for hydrogen production, carbon sequestration, land-use CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, N<sub>2</sub>O measures, CH<sub>4</sub> measures, etc. Climate module calculates impacts of GHG emissions in the Atmosphere (CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and temperature changes). Beside these modules, there are several scenario files which are used to apply different policies and constraints.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Further details on the TIAM model structure is available in Loulou and Labriet (2007).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Further details on the TIAM model structure is available in Loulou and Labriet (2007).</div></td></tr>
</table>Matthew Winninghttps://www.iamcdocumentation.eu/index.php?title=Model_concept,_solver_and_details_-_TIAM-UCL&diff=6434&oldid=prevMatthew Winning at 18:50, 14 December 20162016-12-14T18:50:09Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In each region, the TIAM-UCL model describes the entire energy system by all essential current and future energy technologies from the primary energy supply over the processing, conversion, transport, distribution of energy carriers to the end-use sectors and the useful energy demands. These demands are linked to exogenous underlying drivers, like population growth or GDP development, via demand elasticities. Each region can trade one or more resources (fossil fuels and biomass) with other regions. Regional trade will depend on demand, supply (resource availability) and cost (resource and transportation cost) of the resources.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In each region, the TIAM-UCL model describes the entire energy system by all essential current and future energy technologies from the primary energy supply over the processing, conversion, transport, distribution of energy carriers to the end-use sectors and the useful energy demands. These demands are linked to exogenous underlying drivers, like population growth or GDP development, via demand elasticities. Each region can trade one or more resources (fossil fuels and biomass) with other regions. Regional trade will depend on demand, supply (resource availability) and cost (resource and transportation cost) of the resources.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Base-year energy-service demands are exogenous and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">are </del>projected over 2005-2100 using drivers such as GDP, population, household, sector output etc. The base<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-</del>year final energy consumption is calibrated in the Base-Year templates. Separate <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Base-Year </del>templates are available for each region for end-use sectors, upstream and the electricity generation sector. A representation of all existing technologies and resources are included in the Base-Year templates. Technologies available for the future years are modelled in a separate module called 'New Technologies'. Any region can access the technology module if it is cost effective to do so. Resource data such as cost, cumulative and annual availability of different resources are modelled in the 'Resource Module'. The world regions are linked through the trade of goods via the trade module. There are separate modules available for hydrogen production, carbon sequestration, land-use CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, N<sub>2</sub>O measures, CH<sub>4</sub> measures, etc. Climate module calculates impacts of GHG emissions in the Atmosphere (CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and temperature changes). Beside these modules, there are several scenario files which are used to apply different policies and constraints.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Base-year energy-service demands are exogenous and projected over 2005-2100 using drivers such as GDP, population, household, sector output etc. The base year <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(2005) </ins>final energy consumption is calibrated in the Base-Year templates <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">module</ins>. Separate <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BY </ins>templates are available for each region for <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">all </ins>end-use sectors, upstream<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </ins>and the electricity generation sector. A representation of all existing technologies and resources are included in the Base-Year templates <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to determine the state of teh energy system in the intial period</ins>. Technologies available for the future years are modelled in a separate module called 'New Technologies'. Any region can access the technology module if it is cost effective to do so. Resource data such as cost, cumulative and annual availability of different resources are modelled in the 'Resource Module'. The world regions are linked through the trade of goods via the trade module. There are separate modules available for hydrogen production, carbon sequestration, land-use CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, N<sub>2</sub>O measures, CH<sub>4</sub> measures, etc. Climate module calculates impacts of GHG emissions in the Atmosphere (CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and temperature changes). Beside these modules, there are several scenario files which are used to apply different policies and constraints.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Further details on the TIAM model structure is available in Loulou and Labriet (2007).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Further details on the TIAM model structure is available in Loulou and Labriet (2007).</div></td></tr>
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</table>Matthew Winninghttps://www.iamcdocumentation.eu/index.php?title=Model_concept,_solver_and_details_-_TIAM-UCL&diff=6351&oldid=prevMatthew Winning at 15:56, 12 December 20162016-12-12T15:56:41Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The main building blocks of TIAM-UCL is a TIMES model which includes processes and commodities, which are connected by commodity flows in a network representation called a Reference Energy System (RES). The <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dynamic part of a </del>model <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is </del>determined by the time horizon and resolution, the evolutionary development of supply and technologies, the growth of the demand for energy services, and policies (e.g., mitigation targets, renewable portfolio standards), complimented by various alternate scenarios.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The main building blocks of TIAM-UCL is a TIMES model which includes processes and commodities, which are connected by commodity flows in a network representation called a Reference Energy System (RES). The model <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dynamics are </ins>determined by the time horizon and resolution, the evolutionary development of supply and technologies, the growth of the demand for energy services, and policies (e.g., mitigation targets, renewable portfolio standards), complimented by various alternate scenarios.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In each region, the TIAM-UCL model describes the entire energy system by all essential current and future energy technologies from the primary energy supply over the processing, conversion, transport, distribution of energy carriers to the end-use sectors and the useful energy <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">demand</del>.These demands are linked to exogenous underlying drivers, like population growth or GDP development, via demand elasticities. Each region can trade one or more resources (fossil fuels and biomass) with other regions. Regional trade will depend on demand, supply (resource availability) and cost (resource and transportation cost) of the resources.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In each region, the TIAM-UCL model describes the entire energy system by all essential current and future energy technologies from the primary energy supply over the processing, conversion, transport, distribution of energy carriers to the end-use sectors and the useful energy <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">demands</ins>. These demands are linked to exogenous underlying drivers, like population growth or GDP development, via demand elasticities. Each region can trade one or more resources (fossil fuels and biomass) with other regions. Regional trade will depend on demand, supply (resource availability) and cost (resource and transportation cost) of the resources.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Base-year energy-service demands are exogenous and are projected over 2005-2100 using drivers such as GDP, population, household, sector output etc. The base-year final energy consumption is calibrated in the Base-Year templates. Separate Base-Year templates are available for each region for end-use sectors, upstream and the electricity generation sector. A representation of all existing technologies and resources are included in the Base-Year templates. Technologies available for the future years are modelled in a separate module called 'New Technologies'. Any region can access the technology module if it is cost effective to do so. Resource data such as cost, cumulative and annual availability of different resources are modelled in the 'Resource Module'. The world regions are linked through the trade of goods via the trade module. There are separate modules available for hydrogen production, carbon sequestration, land-use CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, N<sub>2</sub>O measures, CH<sub>4</sub> measures, etc. Climate module calculates impacts of GHG emissions in the Atmosphere (CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and temperature changes). Beside these modules, there are several scenario files which are used to apply different policies and constraints.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Base-year energy-service demands are exogenous and are projected over 2005-2100 using drivers such as GDP, population, household, sector output etc. The base-year final energy consumption is calibrated in the Base-Year templates. Separate Base-Year templates are available for each region for end-use sectors, upstream and the electricity generation sector. A representation of all existing technologies and resources are included in the Base-Year templates. Technologies available for the future years are modelled in a separate module called 'New Technologies'. Any region can access the technology module if it is cost effective to do so. Resource data such as cost, cumulative and annual availability of different resources are modelled in the 'Resource Module'. The world regions are linked through the trade of goods via the trade module. There are separate modules available for hydrogen production, carbon sequestration, land-use CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, N<sub>2</sub>O measures, CH<sub>4</sub> measures, etc. Climate module calculates impacts of GHG emissions in the Atmosphere (CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and temperature changes). Beside these modules, there are several scenario files which are used to apply different policies and constraints.</div></td></tr>
</table>Matthew Winninghttps://www.iamcdocumentation.eu/index.php?title=Model_concept,_solver_and_details_-_TIAM-UCL&diff=5477&oldid=prevMatthew Winning at 13:23, 14 October 20162016-10-14T13:23:18Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>VEDA Front-End (VEDA_FE) is one of the two interfaces available for MARKAL and TIMES model. It is used to formulate the TIAM-UCL model database that lay down the basic structure of the model and hold fundamental data and assumptions for processes (technologies) and commodities. VEDA is a set of tools geared to facilitate the creation, maintenance, browsing, and modification of the large data bases required by complex mathematical and economic models. Data and assumptions are fed into VEDA_FE that provides input to the TIMES code. VEDA_FE accepts input from a variety of Excel files with different (flexible) structures that are tailored to work efficiently with data intensive models.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>VEDA Front-End (VEDA_FE) is one of the two interfaces available for MARKAL and TIMES model. It is used to formulate the TIAM-UCL model database that lay down the basic structure of the model and hold fundamental data and assumptions for processes (technologies) and commodities. VEDA is a set of tools geared to facilitate the creation, maintenance, browsing, and modification of the large data bases required by complex mathematical and economic models. Data and assumptions are fed into VEDA_FE that provides input to the TIMES code. VEDA_FE accepts input from a variety of Excel files with different (flexible) structures that are tailored to work efficiently with data intensive models.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Modelling to Generate Alternatives==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A critical challenge when working with global energy-environment-economy (E3) models is appropriately exploring the large uncertainties inherent in the modelling procedure. Without careful elucidation, analysts and policy makers alike can be misled by the precision of the model output and lured into a false sense of security at the certainty of the implied energy system transition(s). Broadly speaking, uncertainty in E3 models can be separated into input parameter uncertainty and structural uncertainty. Our focus here is on the latter, which stems from the model not fully capturing the complexity of the system it is trying to represent because, for example, it has necessarily simplified equations, a finite resolution, etc. Over the course of the ADVANCE project we have developed a technique to investigate a key element of structural uncertainty within TIAM-UCL. We have used the approach of modelling to generate alternatives to relax the cost optimality assumption that underpins the model and reformulated its objective function to explore this near optimal solution space. Our technique seeks to identify energy system transition pathways that are as diverse as possible within this near least cost space and as such assess the impact of minor, realistic deviations from cost optimal decision making.</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Matthew Winninghttps://www.iamcdocumentation.eu/index.php?title=Model_concept,_solver_and_details_-_TIAM-UCL&diff=5476&oldid=prevMatthew Winning at 13:09, 14 October 20162016-10-14T13:09:01Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">TIAM-UCL is a bottom-up, technology-rich cost optimisation integrated assessment model created to assess global decarbonisation pathways in terms of the global temperature change.</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The main building blocks of TIAM-UCL is a TIMES model which includes processes and commodities, which are connected by commodity flows in a network representation called a Reference Energy System (RES). The dynamic part of a model is determined by the time horizon and resolution, the evolutionary development of supply and technologies, the growth of the demand for energy services, and policies (e.g., mitigation targets, renewable portfolio standards), complimented by various alternate scenarios.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The main building blocks of TIAM-UCL is a TIMES model which includes processes and commodities, which are connected by commodity flows in a network representation called a Reference Energy System (RES). The dynamic part of a model is determined by the time horizon and resolution, the evolutionary development of supply and technologies, the growth of the demand for energy services, and policies (e.g., mitigation targets, renewable portfolio standards), complimented by various alternate scenarios.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Matthew Winninghttps://www.iamcdocumentation.eu/index.php?title=Model_concept,_solver_and_details_-_TIAM-UCL&diff=5335&oldid=prevMatthew Winning at 11:19, 10 October 20162016-10-10T11:19:32Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:RES system.png|500px|thumb|centre|Figure 1.1: Simplified Reference Energy System in TIAM Source: Loulou and Labriet (2007)]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><figure id="fig:myobject"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:RES system.png|500px|thumb|centre|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><caption></ins>Figure 1.1: Simplified Reference Energy System in TIAM Source: Loulou and Labriet (2007)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></caption></ins>]]</div></td></tr>
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</table>Matthew Winninghttps://www.iamcdocumentation.eu/index.php?title=Model_concept,_solver_and_details_-_TIAM-UCL&diff=5334&oldid=prevMatthew Winning at 11:05, 10 October 20162016-10-10T11:05:22Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:RES system.png|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">200px</del>|thumb|centre|Figure 1.1: Simplified Reference Energy System in TIAM Source: Loulou and Labriet (2007)]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:RES system.png|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">500px</ins>|thumb|centre|Figure 1.1: Simplified Reference Energy System in TIAM Source: Loulou and Labriet (2007)]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In each region, the TIAM-UCL model describes the entire energy system by all essential current and future energy technologies from the primary energy supply over the processing, conversion, transport, distribution of energy carriers to the end-use sectors and the useful energy demand.These demands are linked to exogenous underlying drivers, like population growth or GDP development, via demand elasticities. Each region can trade one or more resources (fossil fuels and biomass) with other regions. Regional trade will depend on demand, supply (resource availability) and cost (resource and transportation cost) of the resources.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In each region, the TIAM-UCL model describes the entire energy system by all essential current and future energy technologies from the primary energy supply over the processing, conversion, transport, distribution of energy carriers to the end-use sectors and the useful energy demand.These demands are linked to exogenous underlying drivers, like population growth or GDP development, via demand elasticities. Each region can trade one or more resources (fossil fuels and biomass) with other regions. Regional trade will depend on demand, supply (resource availability) and cost (resource and transportation cost) of the resources.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Base-year energy-service demands are exogenous and are projected over 2005-2100 using drivers such as GDP, population, household, sector output etc. The base-year final energy consumption is calibrated in the Base-Year templates. Separate Base-Year templates are available for each region for end-use sectors, upstream and the electricity generation sector. A representation of all existing technologies and resources are included in the Base-Year templates. Technologies available for the future years are modelled in a separate module called <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">?</del>New Technologies<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">?</del>. Any region can access the technology module if it is cost effective to do so. Resource data such as cost, cumulative and annual availability of different resources are modelled in the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">?</del>Resource Module<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">?</del>. The world regions are linked through the trade of goods via the trade module. There are separate modules available for hydrogen production, carbon sequestration, land-use CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, N<sub>2</sub>O measures, CH<sub>4</sub> measures, etc. Climate module calculates impacts of GHG emissions in the Atmosphere (CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and temperature changes). Beside these modules, there are several scenario files which are used to apply different policies and constraints.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Base-year energy-service demands are exogenous and are projected over 2005-2100 using drivers such as GDP, population, household, sector output etc. The base-year final energy consumption is calibrated in the Base-Year templates. Separate Base-Year templates are available for each region for end-use sectors, upstream and the electricity generation sector. A representation of all existing technologies and resources are included in the Base-Year templates. Technologies available for the future years are modelled in a separate module called <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'</ins>New Technologies<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'</ins>. Any region can access the technology module if it is cost effective to do so. Resource data such as cost, cumulative and annual availability of different resources are modelled in the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'</ins>Resource Module<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'</ins>. The world regions are linked through the trade of goods via the trade module. There are separate modules available for hydrogen production, carbon sequestration, land-use CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, N<sub>2</sub>O measures, CH<sub>4</sub> measures, etc. Climate module calculates impacts of GHG emissions in the Atmosphere (CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and temperature changes). Beside these modules, there are several scenario files which are used to apply different policies and constraints.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Further details on the TIAM model structure is available in Loulou and Labriet (2007).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Further details on the TIAM model structure is available in Loulou and Labriet (2007).</div></td></tr>
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</table>Matthew Winninghttps://www.iamcdocumentation.eu/index.php?title=Model_concept,_solver_and_details_-_TIAM-UCL&diff=5324&oldid=prevMatthew Winning at 09:54, 10 October 20162016-10-10T09:54:03Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</del>Figure 1.1: Simplified Reference Energy System in TIAM Source: Loulou and Labriet (2007)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:RES system.png|200px|thumb|centre|</ins>Figure 1.1: Simplified Reference Energy System in TIAM Source: Loulou and Labriet (2007)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In each region, the TIAM-UCL model describes the entire energy system by all essential current and future energy technologies from the primary energy supply over the processing, conversion, transport, distribution of energy carriers to the end-use sectors and the useful energy demand.These demands are linked to exogenous underlying drivers, like population growth or GDP development, via demand elasticities. Each region can trade one or more resources (fossil fuels and biomass) with other regions. Regional trade will depend on demand, supply (resource availability) and cost (resource and transportation cost) of the resources.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In each region, the TIAM-UCL model describes the entire energy system by all essential current and future energy technologies from the primary energy supply over the processing, conversion, transport, distribution of energy carriers to the end-use sectors and the useful energy demand.These demands are linked to exogenous underlying drivers, like population growth or GDP development, via demand elasticities. Each region can trade one or more resources (fossil fuels and biomass) with other regions. Regional trade will depend on demand, supply (resource availability) and cost (resource and transportation cost) of the resources.</div></td></tr>
</table>Matthew Winning