Non-climate sustainability dimension - REMIND-MAgPIE - Revision history

Mathijs Harmsen at 10:52, 11 May 2023

2023-05-11T10:52:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:52, 11 May 2023
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	\|DocumentationCategory=Non-climate sustainability dimension		\|DocumentationCategory=Non-climate sustainability dimension
	}}		}}
			'''Note:''' This pages describes the REMIND 1.7 model. It will be updated shortly to describe the most recent version of REMIND-MAgPIE.
			<br>
			<br>
	==Air pollution==		==Air pollution==
	Emissions of air pollutants are derived as described in section "GHGs".		Emissions of air pollutants are derived as described in section "GHGs".

Rineke Oostenrijk: Text replacement - "REMIND" to "REMIND-MAgPIE"

2021-11-21T13:34:19Z

Text replacement - "REMIND" to "REMIND-MAgPIE"

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:34, 21 November 2021
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	{{ModelDocumentationTemplate		{{ModelDocumentationTemplate
	\|IsEmpty=No		\|IsEmpty=No
	\|IsDocumentationOf=REMIND		\|IsDocumentationOf=REMIND-MAgPIE
	\|DocumentationCategory=Non-climate sustainability dimension		\|DocumentationCategory=Non-climate sustainability dimension
	}}		}}
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	==Water==		==Water==
	The water module of REMIND represents water demand for electricity production and is extensively described in Mouratiadou <ref>Mouratiadou I, Biewald A, Pehl M, et al (2016) The impact of climate change mitigation on water demand for energy and food: An integrated analysis based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Environmental Science & Policy 64:48–58. doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2016.06.007</ref>; <ref> Mouratiadou I, Bevione M, Bijl D, et al (submitted) The water-electricity nexus in deep decarbonization scenarios: a multi-model assessment)</ref>. The description that follows is based on excerpts from these two papers. More extensive details on the methodology can be found in their Supplementary Online Materials, while a summary is provided below.		The water module of REMIND-MAgPIE represents water demand for electricity production and is extensively described in Mouratiadou <ref>Mouratiadou I, Biewald A, Pehl M, et al (2016) The impact of climate change mitigation on water demand for energy and food: An integrated analysis based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Environmental Science & Policy 64:48–58. doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2016.06.007</ref>; <ref> Mouratiadou I, Bevione M, Bijl D, et al (submitted) The water-electricity nexus in deep decarbonization scenarios: a multi-model assessment)</ref>. The description that follows is based on excerpts from these two papers. More extensive details on the methodology can be found in their Supplementary Online Materials, while a summary is provided below.

	In REMIND, water demand for electricity production represents requirements associated to cleaning, cooling, and other process related needs (e.g. flue gas desulfurization). Both the water withdrawal and water consumption indicators are quantified. All four principal cooling systems are considered, those being once-through open systems (with freshwater or sea water), recirculating wet towers, pond cooling, and dry towers.		In REMIND-MAgPIE, water demand for electricity production represents requirements associated to cleaning, cooling, and other process related needs (e.g. flue gas desulfurization). Both the water withdrawal and water consumption indicators are quantified. All four principal cooling systems are considered, those being once-through open systems (with freshwater or sea water), recirculating wet towers, pond cooling, and dry towers.

	Based on these indicators and cooling systems, REMIND carries out an ex-post estimation of operational water demand for the electricity sector, by combining exogenous information on the water requirements per electricity and cooling technology with endogenous information on the electricity mix and technology vintages. Thermoelectric power plant cooling requirements are estimated as a function of excess heat, as opposed to a function of electricity output. Therefore, differences in water intensities in time or across regions due to differences in power plant thermal efficiencies and the age structure of thermal power plants are taken explicitly into account.		Based on these indicators and cooling systems, REMIND-MAgPIE carries out an ex-post estimation of operational water demand for the electricity sector, by combining exogenous information on the water requirements per electricity and cooling technology with endogenous information on the electricity mix and technology vintages. Thermoelectric power plant cooling requirements are estimated as a function of excess heat, as opposed to a function of electricity output. Therefore, differences in water intensities in time or across regions due to differences in power plant thermal efficiencies and the age structure of thermal power plants are taken explicitly into account.

	In sum, our estimate of water demand for electricity is based on the mix of electricity production technologies, the shares of cooling technologies, the water withdrawal and water consumption intensities, the vintage structures and the power plant thermal efficiencies. Global water withdrawal and consumption for thermal power technologies (WTt) are calculated by multiplying the excess heat from thermal power plants with the share of technology vintages (Vin), the vintage-specific share (csh) of different cooling technologies (cl), and the cooling technology specific water withdrawal or consumption coefficient for excess heat (cheat) and summing over regions, technologies and vintages.		In sum, our estimate of water demand for electricity is based on the mix of electricity production technologies, the shares of cooling technologies, the water withdrawal and water consumption intensities, the vintage structures and the power plant thermal efficiencies. Global water withdrawal and consumption for thermal power technologies (WTt) are calculated by multiplying the excess heat from thermal power plants with the share of technology vintages (Vin), the vintage-specific share (csh) of different cooling technologies (cl), and the cooling technology specific water withdrawal or consumption coefficient for excess heat (cheat) and summing over regions, technologies and vintages.

	<figure id="fig:~~REMIND_3~~.2.1 6">		<figure id="fig:REMIND-MAgPIE_3.2.1 6">
	[[File:Water REMIND 1.PNG]]		[[File:Water REMIND-MAgPIE 1.PNG]]
	</figure>		</figure>

	Global water withdrawal and consumption for non-biomass renewable technologies elr (WRt) are estimated in a similar manner, only that they are based on electricity output (El) and electricity output-based coefficients instead of excess heat.		Global water withdrawal and consumption for non-biomass renewable technologies elr (WRt) are estimated in a similar manner, only that they are based on electricity output (El) and electricity output-based coefficients instead of excess heat.

	<figure id="fig:~~REMIND_3~~.2.1 7">		<figure id="fig:REMIND-MAgPIE_3.2.1 7">
	[[File:Water REMIND 2.PNG]]		[[File:Water REMIND-MAgPIE 2.PNG]]
	</figure>		</figure>

Mathijs Harmsen: Mathijs Harmsen moved page Non-climate sustainability dimension - REMIND to Non-climate sustainability dimension - REMIND-MAgPIE without leaving a redirect: Text replacement - "REMIND" to "REMIND-MAgPIE"

2021-11-18T12:14:09Z

Mathijs Harmsen moved page Non-climate sustainability dimension - REMIND to Non-climate sustainability dimension - REMIND-MAgPIE without leaving a redirect: Text replacement - "REMIND" to "REMIND-MAgPIE"

← Older revision

Revision as of 14:14, 18 November 2021

Laura Delsa at 14:12, 3 February 2017

2017-02-03T14:12:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:12, 3 February 2017
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	Currently, the electricity water demand estimates do not include water demand for fossil fuel extraction or for the irrigation of bioenergy crops. Additionally, water quantity and quality constraints, or the costs and technical characteristics of various cooling technologies, are not taken explicitly into account.		Currently, the electricity water demand estimates do not include water demand for fossil fuel extraction or for the irrigation of bioenergy crops. Additionally, water quantity and quality constraints, or the costs and technical characteristics of various cooling technologies, are not taken explicitly into account.

























			<references />

Laura Delsa at 14:06, 3 February 2017

2017-02-03T14:06:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:06, 3 February 2017
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	==Water==		==Water==
	The water module of REMIND represents water demand for electricity production and is extensively described in Mouratiadou <ref>Mouratiadou et al. (2016; submitted)</ref>. The description that follows is based on excerpts from these two papers. More extensive details on the methodology can be found in their Supplementary Online Materials, while a summary is provided below.		The water module of REMIND represents water demand for electricity production and is extensively described in Mouratiadou <ref>Mouratiadou I, Biewald A, Pehl M, et al (2016) The impact of climate change mitigation on water demand for energy and food: An integrated analysis based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Environmental Science & Policy 64:48–58. doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2016.06.007</ref>; <ref> Mouratiadou I, Bevione M, Bijl D, et al (submitted) The water-electricity nexus in deep decarbonization scenarios: a multi-model assessment)</ref>. The description that follows is based on excerpts from these two papers. More extensive details on the methodology can be found in their Supplementary Online Materials, while a summary is provided below.

	In REMIND, water demand for electricity production represents requirements associated to cleaning, cooling, and other process related needs (e.g. flue gas desulfurization). Both the water withdrawal and water consumption indicators are quantified. All four principal cooling systems are considered, those being once-through open systems (with freshwater or sea water), recirculating wet towers, pond cooling, and dry towers.		In REMIND, water demand for electricity production represents requirements associated to cleaning, cooling, and other process related needs (e.g. flue gas desulfurization). Both the water withdrawal and water consumption indicators are quantified. All four principal cooling systems are considered, those being once-through open systems (with freshwater or sea water), recirculating wet towers, pond cooling, and dry towers.
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	</figure>		</figure>

	Water withdrawal and consumption coefficients per electricity output are based on Macknick <ref>~~Kyl et al.~~ (2011</ref>; <ref>2012)</ref>, and have been converted into the coefficients for excess heat for the thermal power plant technologies (cheat) by back calculating the respective value for the US for 2005. The shares of cooling technologies per electricity technology are deduced from Kyle <ref>Kyle et al. (2013)</ref>.		Water withdrawal and consumption coefficients per electricity output are based on Macknick <ref>Macknick J, Newmark R, Heath G, Hallett KC (2011) A Review of Operational Water Consumption and Withdrawal Factors for Electricity Generating Technologies. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado</ref>; <ref>Macknick J, Sattler, S., Averyt, K., et al (2012) The water implications of generating electricity: water use across the United States based on different electricity pathways through 2050. Environmental Research Letters 7:045803</ref>, and have been converted into the coefficients for excess heat for the thermal power plant technologies (cheat) by back calculating the respective value for the US for 2005. The shares of cooling technologies per electricity technology are deduced from Kyle <ref>Kyle P, Davies EGR, Dooley JJ, et al (2013) Influence of climate change mitigation technology on global demands of water for electricity generation. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 13:112–123. doi: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2012.12.006</ref>.

	Currently, the electricity water demand estimates do not include water demand for fossil fuel extraction or for the irrigation of bioenergy crops. Additionally, water quantity and quality constraints, or the costs and technical characteristics of various cooling technologies, are not taken explicitly into account.		Currently, the electricity water demand estimates do not include water demand for fossil fuel extraction or for the irrigation of bioenergy crops. Additionally, water quantity and quality constraints, or the costs and technical characteristics of various cooling technologies, are not taken explicitly into account.

Laura Delsa at 14:03, 3 February 2017

2017-02-03T14:03:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:03, 3 February 2017
Line 8:		Line 8:

	==Water==		==Water==
	The water module of REMIND represents water demand for electricity production and is extensively described in Mouratiadou et al. (2016; submitted). The description that follows is based on excerpts from these two papers. More extensive details on the methodology can be found in their Supplementary Online Materials, while a summary is provided below.		The water module of REMIND represents water demand for electricity production and is extensively described in Mouratiadou <ref>Mouratiadou et al. (2016; submitted)</ref>. The description that follows is based on excerpts from these two papers. More extensive details on the methodology can be found in their Supplementary Online Materials, while a summary is provided below.

	In REMIND, water demand for electricity production represents requirements associated to cleaning, cooling, and other process related needs (e.g. flue gas desulfurization). Both the water withdrawal and water consumption indicators are quantified. All four principal cooling systems are considered, those being once-through open systems (with freshwater or sea water), recirculating wet towers, pond cooling, and dry towers.		In REMIND, water demand for electricity production represents requirements associated to cleaning, cooling, and other process related needs (e.g. flue gas desulfurization). Both the water withdrawal and water consumption indicators are quantified. All four principal cooling systems are considered, those being once-through open systems (with freshwater or sea water), recirculating wet towers, pond cooling, and dry towers.
Line 26:		Line 26:
	</figure>		</figure>

	Water withdrawal and consumption coefficients per electricity output are based on Macknick et al. (2011; 2012), and have been converted into the coefficients for excess heat for the thermal power plant technologies (cheat) by back calculating the respective value for the US for 2005. The shares of cooling technologies per electricity technology are deduced from Kyle et al. (2013).		Water withdrawal and consumption coefficients per electricity output are based on Macknick <ref>Kyl et al. (2011</ref>; <ref>2012)</ref>, and have been converted into the coefficients for excess heat for the thermal power plant technologies (cheat) by back calculating the respective value for the US for 2005. The shares of cooling technologies per electricity technology are deduced from Kyle <ref>Kyle et al. (2013)</ref>.

	Currently, the electricity water demand estimates do not include water demand for fossil fuel extraction or for the irrigation of bioenergy crops. Additionally, water quantity and quality constraints, or the costs and technical characteristics of various cooling technologies, are not taken explicitly into account.		Currently, the electricity water demand estimates do not include water demand for fossil fuel extraction or for the irrigation of bioenergy crops. Additionally, water quantity and quality constraints, or the costs and technical characteristics of various cooling technologies, are not taken explicitly into account.

Laura Delsa at 10:55, 1 February 2017

2017-02-01T10:55:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:55, 1 February 2017
Line 16:		Line 16:
	In sum, our estimate of water demand for electricity is based on the mix of electricity production technologies, the shares of cooling technologies, the water withdrawal and water consumption intensities, the vintage structures and the power plant thermal efficiencies. Global water withdrawal and consumption for thermal power technologies (WTt) are calculated by multiplying the excess heat from thermal power plants with the share of technology vintages (Vin), the vintage-specific share (csh) of different cooling technologies (cl), and the cooling technology specific water withdrawal or consumption coefficient for excess heat (cheat) and summing over regions, technologies and vintages.		In sum, our estimate of water demand for electricity is based on the mix of electricity production technologies, the shares of cooling technologies, the water withdrawal and water consumption intensities, the vintage structures and the power plant thermal efficiencies. Global water withdrawal and consumption for thermal power technologies (WTt) are calculated by multiplying the excess heat from thermal power plants with the share of technology vintages (Vin), the vintage-specific share (csh) of different cooling technologies (cl), and the cooling technology specific water withdrawal or consumption coefficient for excess heat (cheat) and summing over regions, technologies and vintages.

			<figure id="fig:REMIND_3.2.1 6">
	[[File:Water REMIND 1.PNG]]		[[File:Water REMIND 1.PNG]]
			</figure>

	Global water withdrawal and consumption for non-biomass renewable technologies elr (WRt) are estimated in a similar manner, only that they are based on electricity output (El) and electricity output-based coefficients instead of excess heat.		Global water withdrawal and consumption for non-biomass renewable technologies elr (WRt) are estimated in a similar manner, only that they are based on electricity output (El) and electricity output-based coefficients instead of excess heat.

			<figure id="fig:REMIND_3.2.1 7">
	[[File:Water REMIND 2.PNG]]		[[File:Water REMIND 2.PNG]]
			</figure>

	Water withdrawal and consumption coefficients per electricity output are based on Macknick et al. (2011; 2012), and have been converted into the coefficients for excess heat for the thermal power plant technologies (cheat) by back calculating the respective value for the US for 2005. The shares of cooling technologies per electricity technology are deduced from Kyle et al. (2013).		Water withdrawal and consumption coefficients per electricity output are based on Macknick et al. (2011; 2012), and have been converted into the coefficients for excess heat for the thermal power plant technologies (cheat) by back calculating the respective value for the US for 2005. The shares of cooling technologies per electricity technology are deduced from Kyle et al. (2013).

	Currently, the electricity water demand estimates do not include water demand for fossil fuel extraction or for the irrigation of bioenergy crops. Additionally, water quantity and quality constraints, or the costs and technical characteristics of various cooling technologies, are not taken explicitly into account.		Currently, the electricity water demand estimates do not include water demand for fossil fuel extraction or for the irrigation of bioenergy crops. Additionally, water quantity and quality constraints, or the costs and technical characteristics of various cooling technologies, are not taken explicitly into account.

Laura Delsa: /* Water */

2016-12-20T11:06:05Z

Water

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:06, 20 December 2016
Line 23:		Line 23:

	Water withdrawal and consumption coefficients per electricity output are based on Macknick et al. (2011; 2012), and have been converted into the coefficients for excess heat for the thermal power plant technologies (cheat) by back calculating the respective value for the US for 2005. The shares of cooling technologies per electricity technology are deduced from Kyle et al. (2013).		Water withdrawal and consumption coefficients per electricity output are based on Macknick et al. (2011; 2012), and have been converted into the coefficients for excess heat for the thermal power plant technologies (cheat) by back calculating the respective value for the US for 2005. The shares of cooling technologies per electricity technology are deduced from Kyle et al. (2013).

	Currently, the electricity water demand estimates do not include water demand for fossil fuel extraction or for the irrigation of bioenergy crops. Additionally, water quantity and quality constraints, or the costs and technical characteristics of various cooling technologies, are not taken explicitly into account.		Currently, the electricity water demand estimates do not include water demand for fossil fuel extraction or for the irrigation of bioenergy crops. Additionally, water quantity and quality constraints, or the costs and technical characteristics of various cooling technologies, are not taken explicitly into account.

Laura Delsa: /* Water */

2016-12-20T11:05:40Z

Water

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:05, 20 December 2016
Line 13:		Line 13:

	Based on these indicators and cooling systems, REMIND carries out an ex-post estimation of operational water demand for the electricity sector, by combining exogenous information on the water requirements per electricity and cooling technology with endogenous information on the electricity mix and technology vintages. Thermoelectric power plant cooling requirements are estimated as a function of excess heat, as opposed to a function of electricity output. Therefore, differences in water intensities in time or across regions due to differences in power plant thermal efficiencies and the age structure of thermal power plants are taken explicitly into account.		Based on these indicators and cooling systems, REMIND carries out an ex-post estimation of operational water demand for the electricity sector, by combining exogenous information on the water requirements per electricity and cooling technology with endogenous information on the electricity mix and technology vintages. Thermoelectric power plant cooling requirements are estimated as a function of excess heat, as opposed to a function of electricity output. Therefore, differences in water intensities in time or across regions due to differences in power plant thermal efficiencies and the age structure of thermal power plants are taken explicitly into account.

	In sum, our estimate of water demand for electricity is based on the mix of electricity production technologies, the shares of cooling technologies, the water withdrawal and water consumption intensities, the vintage structures and the power plant thermal efficiencies. Global water withdrawal and consumption for thermal power technologies (WTt) are calculated by multiplying the excess heat from thermal power plants with the share of technology vintages (Vin), the vintage-specific share (csh) of different cooling technologies (cl), and the cooling technology specific water withdrawal or consumption coefficient for excess heat (cheat) and summing over regions, technologies and vintages.		In sum, our estimate of water demand for electricity is based on the mix of electricity production technologies, the shares of cooling technologies, the water withdrawal and water consumption intensities, the vintage structures and the power plant thermal efficiencies. Global water withdrawal and consumption for thermal power technologies (WTt) are calculated by multiplying the excess heat from thermal power plants with the share of technology vintages (Vin), the vintage-specific share (csh) of different cooling technologies (cl), and the cooling technology specific water withdrawal or consumption coefficient for excess heat (cheat) and summing over regions, technologies and vintages.

Laura Delsa: /* Water */

2016-12-20T11:04:54Z

Water

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:04, 20 December 2016
Line 11:		Line 11:

	In REMIND, water demand for electricity production represents requirements associated to cleaning, cooling, and other process related needs (e.g. flue gas desulfurization). Both the water withdrawal and water consumption indicators are quantified. All four principal cooling systems are considered, those being once-through open systems (with freshwater or sea water), recirculating wet towers, pond cooling, and dry towers.		In REMIND, water demand for electricity production represents requirements associated to cleaning, cooling, and other process related needs (e.g. flue gas desulfurization). Both the water withdrawal and water consumption indicators are quantified. All four principal cooling systems are considered, those being once-through open systems (with freshwater or sea water), recirculating wet towers, pond cooling, and dry towers.

	Based on these indicators and cooling systems, REMIND carries out an ex-post estimation of operational water demand for the electricity sector, by combining exogenous information on the water requirements per electricity and cooling technology with endogenous information on the electricity mix and technology vintages. Thermoelectric power plant cooling requirements are estimated as a function of excess heat, as opposed to a function of electricity output. Therefore, differences in water intensities in time or across regions due to differences in power plant thermal efficiencies and the age structure of thermal power plants are taken explicitly into account.		Based on these indicators and cooling systems, REMIND carries out an ex-post estimation of operational water demand for the electricity sector, by combining exogenous information on the water requirements per electricity and cooling technology with endogenous information on the electricity mix and technology vintages. Thermoelectric power plant cooling requirements are estimated as a function of excess heat, as opposed to a function of electricity output. Therefore, differences in water intensities in time or across regions due to differences in power plant thermal efficiencies and the age structure of thermal power plants are taken explicitly into account.
	In sum, our estimate of water demand for electricity is based on the mix of electricity production technologies, the shares of cooling technologies, the water withdrawal and water consumption intensities, the vintage structures and the power plant thermal efficiencies. Global water withdrawal and consumption for thermal power technologies (WTt) are calculated by multiplying the excess heat from thermal power plants with the share of technology vintages (Vin), the vintage-specific share (csh) of different cooling technologies (cl), and the cooling technology specific water withdrawal or consumption coefficient for excess heat (cheat) and summing over regions, technologies and vintages.		In sum, our estimate of water demand for electricity is based on the mix of electricity production technologies, the shares of cooling technologies, the water withdrawal and water consumption intensities, the vintage structures and the power plant thermal efficiencies. Global water withdrawal and consumption for thermal power technologies (WTt) are calculated by multiplying the excess heat from thermal power plants with the share of technology vintages (Vin), the vintage-specific share (csh) of different cooling technologies (cl), and the cooling technology specific water withdrawal or consumption coefficient for excess heat (cheat) and summing over regions, technologies and vintages.