Reference card - IMACLIM
The reference card is a clearly defined description of model features. The numerous options have been organized into a limited amount of default and model specific (non default) options. In addition some features are described by a short clarifying text.
Legend:
- not implemented
- implemented
- implemented (not default option)
Contents
About
Name and version
IMACLIM- R I.0
Institution and users
Centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), France, http://www.centre-cired.fr.
Societe de Mathematiques Appliquees et de Sciences Humaines (SMASH), France, http://www.smash.fr.
Documentation
IMACLIM documentation consists of a referencecard and detailed model documentation
Model scope and methods
Model documentation: Model scope and methods - IMACLIM
Objective
Imaclim-R is intended to study the interactions between energy systems and the economy, to assess the feasibility of low carbon development strategies and the transition pathway towards low carbon future.
Concept
Hybrid: general equilibrium with technology explicit modules. Recursive dynamics: each year the equilibrium is solved (system of non-linear equations), in between two years parameters to the equilibrium evolve according to specified functions.
Solution method
Imaclim-R is implemented in Scilab, and uses the fonction fsolve from a shared C++ library to solve the static equilibrium system of non-linear equations.
Anticipation
Recursive dynamics: each year the equilibrium is solved (system of non-linear equations), in between two years parameters to the equilibrium evolve according to specified functions.
Temporal dimension
Base year:2001, time steps:Annual, horizon: 2050 or 2100
Spatial dimension
Number of regions:12
- USA
- Canada
- Europe
- China
- India
- Brazil
- Middle East
- Africa
- Commonwealth of Independant States
- OECD Pacific
- Rest of Asia
- Rest of Latin Amercia
Policy implementation
Baseline do not include explicit climate policies. Climate/energy policies can be implemented in a number of ways, depending on the policy. A number of general or specific policy choices can be modelled including: Emissions or energy taxes, permit trading, specific technology subsidies, regulations, technology and/or resource constraints
Socio economic drivers
Model documentation: Socio-economic drivers - IMACLIM
Exogenous drivers
- Exogenous GDP
- Total Factor Productivity
- Labour Productivity
- Capital Technical progress
- Energy Technical progress
- Materials Technical progress
- GDP per capita
- Population
- Active Population
Development
- GDP per capita
- Income distribution in a region
- Urbanisation rate
- Education level
- Labour participation rate
Macro economy
Model documentation: Macro-economy - IMACLIM
Economic sectors
- Agriculture
- Industry
- Energy
- Transport
- Services
- Construction
Note: The energy sector is divided into five sub-sectors: oil extraction, gas extraction, coal extraction, refinery, power generation. The transport sector is divided into three sub-sectors: terrestrial transport, air transport, water transport. The industry sector has one sub-sector: Energy intensive industry.
Cost measures
- GDP loss
- Welfare loss
- Consumption loss
- Area under MAC
- Energy system costs
Trade
- Coal
- Oil
- Gas
- Uranium
- Electricity
- Bioenergy crops
- Food crops
- Capital
- Emissions permits
- Non-energy goods
- Refined Liquid Fuels
Energy
Model documentation: Energy - IMACLIM
Behaviour
Price response (via elasticities), and non-price drivers (infrastructure and urban forms conditioning location choices, different asymptotes on industrial goods consumption saturation levels with income rise, speed of personal vehicle ownership rate increase, speed of residential area increase).
Resource use
- Coal
- Oil
- Gas
- Uranium
- Biomass
Electricity technologies
- Coal
- Gas
- Oil
- Nuclear
- Biomass
- Wind
- Solar PV
- CCS
Conversion technologies
- CHP
- Heat pumps
- Hydrogen
- Fuel to gas
- Fuel to liquid
Grid and infrastructure
- Electricity
- Gas
- Heat
- CO2
- H2
Energy technology substitution
- Discrete technology choices
- Expansion and decline constraints
- System integration constraints
Energy service sectors
- Transportation
- Industry
- Residential and commercial
- Agriculture
Land-use
Model documentation: Land-use - IMACLIM; Non-climate sustainability dimension - IMACLIM
Land-use
- Cropland
- Forest
- Extensive Pastures
- Intensive Pastures
- Inacessible Pastures
- Urban Areas
- Unproductive Land
Note: Bioenergy production is determined by the fuel and electricity modules of Imaclim-R using supply curves from Hoogwijk et al. (2009) (bioelectricity) and IEA (biofuel). Bioenergy production is then exogenously incorporated into the land-use module. The demand for biofuel is aggregated to the demand for food crops, while the production of biomass for electricity is located on marginal lands (i.e., less fertile or accessible lands). By increasing the demand for land, and spurring agricultural intensification, Bioenergy propels land and food prices.
Other resources
Model documentation: Non-climate sustainability dimension - IMACLIM
Other resources
- Water
- Metals
- Cement
Emissions and climate
Model documentation: Emissions - IMACLIM; Climate - IMACLIM
Green house gasses
- CO2
- CH4
- N2O
- HFCs
- CFCs
- SF6
Note: The non-CO2 forcing agents that are not explicitly tracked are represented in the climate module by an exogenously given additional forcing factor.
Pollutants
- NOx
- SOx
- BC
- OC
- Ozone
Climate indicators
- CO2e concentration (ppm)
- Climate damages $ or equivalent
- Radiative Forcing (W/m2 )
- Temperature change (°C)
Note: Our model growth engine is composed of exogenous trends of active population growth and exogenous trends of labour productivity growth. The two sets of assumptions on demography and labour productivity, although exogenous, only prescribe natural growth. Effective growth results endogenously from the interaction of these driving forces with short-term constraints: (i) available capital flows for investments and (ii) rigidities, such as fixed technologies, immobility of the installed capital across sectors or rigidities in real wages, which may lead to partial utilization of production factors (labor and capital).