REMIND-MAgPIE: Difference between revisions
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{{ModelTemplate}} | {{ModelTemplate}} | ||
{{ModelInfoTemplate | {{ModelInfoTemplate | ||
|Name=REMIND | |Name=REMIND-MAgPIE | ||
|Version=1 | |Version=2.0-4.1 | ||
|participation=full | |participation=full | ||
|processState=published | |processState=published | ||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
REMIND allows for a sophisticated analysis of technology options and | REMIND allows for a sophisticated analysis of technology options and | ||
policy proposals for climate mitigation. It accounts for economic and energy investments in the model regions, and interregional trade in goods, energy carriers and emissions allowances. | policy proposals for climate mitigation. It accounts for economic and energy investments in the model regions, and interregional trade in goods, energy carriers and emissions allowances. | ||
|SolutionConceptOption=General equilibrium (closed economy) | |||
|SolutionConcept=MAgPIE: partial equilibrium model of the agricultural sector; | |||
|SolutionHorizon=REMIND: Inter-temporal (foresight); MAgPIE: recursive-dynamic; | |||
|SolutionMethodOption=Optimization | |||
|SolutionMethod=MAgPIE: cost minimization; | |||
|BaseYear=2005 | |||
|TimeSteps=5 | |||
|Horizon=2005-2100 | |||
|Nr=12 | |||
|PoliciesOption=Emission tax; Emission pricing; Cap and trade; Fuel taxes; Fuel subsidies; Portfolio standard; Capacity targets; Land protection; Pricing carbon stocks | |||
|Concept=Hybrid | |Concept=Hybrid | ||
Hybrid model that couples an economic growth model with a detailed energy system model and a simple climate model. | Hybrid model that couples an economic growth model with a detailed energy system model and a simple climate model. | ||
|PolicyImplementation=Pareto-optimal achievement of policy targets on temperature, radiative forcing, GHG concentration, cumulative carbon budgets, or CO2 emissions over time under full when- and where-flexibility. Implementation of permit allocation rules among regions. Possibility of pre-specified carbon tax pathway. Fossil fuel subsidies and taxes. | |PolicyImplementation=Pareto-optimal achievement of policy targets on temperature, radiative forcing, GHG concentration, cumulative carbon budgets, or CO2 emissions over time under full when- and where-flexibility. Implementation of permit allocation rules among regions. Possibility of pre-specified carbon tax pathway. Fossil fuel subsidies and taxes. | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Socio-economicTemplate | {{Socio-economicTemplate | ||
|PopulationOption=Yes (exogenous) | |||
|GDPOption=Yes (exogenous) | |||
|EmploymentRateOption=Yes (exogenous) | |||
|LaborProductivityOption=Yes (exogenous) | |||
|TotalFactorProductivityOption=Yes (exogenous) | |||
|AutonomousEnergyEfficiencyImprovementsOption=Yes (exogenous) | |||
|ExogenousDriverOption=Labour Productivity | |ExogenousDriverOption=Labour Productivity | ||
|ExogenousDriverText=Calibration of energy efficiency parameters of the production function. | |ExogenousDriverText=Calibration of energy efficiency parameters of the production function. | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{Macro-economyTemplate | {{Macro-economyTemplate | ||
|TradeOption=Coal; Oil; Gas; Uranium; Bioenergy crops; Food crops; Capital; Emissions permits; Non-energy goods | |||
|Trade=Energy goods; | |||
|CostMeasureOption=GDP loss; Welfare loss; Consumption loss | |||
|CoalRUOption=Yes (supply curve) | |||
|ConventionalOilRUOption=Yes (supply curve) | |||
|UnconventionalOilRUOption=Yes (supply curve) | |||
|ConventionalGasRUOption=Yes (supply curve) | |||
|Unconventional GasRUOption=Yes (supply curve) | |||
|UraniumRUOption=Yes (supply curve) | |||
|BioenergyRUOption=Yes (supply curve) | |||
|WaterRUOption=Yes (process model) | |||
|EnergyESOption=Yes (physical) | |||
|AgricultureESOption=Yes (physical) | |||
|EconomicSectorText=The macro-economic part contains a single sector representation of the entire economy. A generic final good is produced from capital, labor, and different final energy types. | |EconomicSectorText=The macro-economic part contains a single sector representation of the entire economy. A generic final good is produced from capital, labor, and different final energy types. | ||
| | |EnergyEnd-useTCOption=Endogenous technological change | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{EnergyTemplate | {{EnergyTemplate | ||
| | |EnergyTechnologySubstitutabilityOption=Mostly high substitutability | ||
|ElectricityTechnologyOption=Coal w/o CCS; Coal w/ CCS; Gas w/o CCS; Gas w/ CCS; Oil w/o CCS; Bioenergy w/o CCS; Bioenergy w/ CCS; Geothermal power; Nuclear power; Solar power; Solar power-central PV; Solar power-CSP; Wind power; Hydroelectric power | |||
|HydrogenProductionOption=Electrolysis; Coal to hydrogen w/o CCS; Coal to hydrogen w/ CCS; Natural gas to hydrogen w/o CCS; Natural gas to hydrogen w/ CCS; Biomass to hydrogen w/o CCS; Biomass to hydrogen w/ CCS | |||
|RefinedLiquidsOption=Bioliquids w/o CCS; Bioliquids w/ CCS; Coal to liquids w/o CCS; Coal to liquids w/ CCS; Oil refining | |||
|RefinedGasesOption=Coal to gas w/o CCS; Biomass to gas w/o CCS | |||
|HeatGenerationOption=CHP (coupled heat and power); Coal heat; Natural gas heat; Oil heat; Biomass heat; Geothermal heat | |||
|GridInfrastructureText=Generalized transmission and distribution costs are included, but not modeled on an explicit spatial level. | |||
Regionalized additional grid and storage costs for renewable integration are included. | |||
|PassengerTransportationOption=Light Duty Vehicles (LDVs); Electric LDVs; Hydrogen LDVs; Gasoline LDVs; Passenger trains | |||
|FreightTransportationOption=Heavy duty vehicles | |||
|ResourceUseOption=Coal; Oil; Gas; Uranium; Biomass | |ResourceUseOption=Coal; Oil; Gas; Uranium; Biomass | ||
|ConversionTechnologyOption=CHP; Heat pumps; Hydrogen; Fuel to gas; Fuel to liquid | |ConversionTechnologyOption=CHP; Heat pumps; Hydrogen; Fuel to gas; Fuel to liquid | ||
|ConversionTechnology=Heat plants; | |ConversionTechnology=Heat plants; | ||
|GridInfrastructureOption=Electricity; Gas; Heat; CO2; H2 | |GridInfrastructureOption=Electricity; Gas; Heat; CO2; H2 | ||
|TechnologySubstitutionOption=Discrete technology choices; Expansion and decline constraints; System integration constraints | |TechnologySubstitutionOption=Discrete technology choices; Expansion and decline constraints; System integration constraints | ||
|TechnologySubstitutionText=Expansion and decline, and system integration are influenced though cost markups rather than constraints. | |TechnologySubstitutionText=Expansion and decline, and system integration are influenced though cost markups rather than constraints. | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{Land-useTemplate | {{Land-useTemplate | ||
|LandCoverOption=Cropland; Forest; Pasture; Cropland irrigated; Cropland food crops; Cropland feed crops; Cropland energy crops; Managed forest; Natural forest; Built-up area | |||
|AgricultureAndForestryDemandsOption=Agriculture food; Agriculture food crops; Agriculture food livestock; Agriculture feed; Agriculture feed crops; Agriculture feed livestock; Agriculture non-food; Agriculture non-food crops; Agriculture non-food livestock; Agriculture bioenergy; Agriculture residues | |||
|AgriculturalCommoditiesOption=Wheat; Rice; Oilseeds; Other coarse grains; Sugar crops; Ruminant meat; Non-ruminant meat and eggs; Dairy products | |||
|Land-useText=Bioenergy supply from the land-use sector is represented by an emulation of the land-use model MAgPIE. | |Land-useText=Bioenergy supply from the land-use sector is represented by an emulation of the land-use model MAgPIE. | ||
The emulator focuses on bioenergy supply costs and agricultural emissions. | The emulator focuses on bioenergy supply costs and agricultural emissions. | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{EmissionClimateTemplate | {{EmissionClimateTemplate | ||
|GHGOption=CO2; CH4; N2O; | |GHGOption=HFCs; CFCs; SF6; CO2 fossil fuels; CO2 cement; CO2 land use; CH4 energy; CH4 land use; CH4 other; N2O energy; N2O land use; N2O other | ||
|PollutantOption=NOx; | |PollutantOption=CO energy; CO land use; CO other; NOx energy; NOx land use; NOx other; VOC energy; VOC land use; VOC other; SO2 energy; SO2 land use; SO2 other; BC energy; BC land use; BC other; OC energy; OC land use; OC other; NH3 energy; NH3 land use | ||
|PollutantText=Ozone is not modeled as emission, but is an endogenous result of atmospheric chemistry. | |PollutantText=Ozone is not modeled as emission, but is an endogenous result of atmospheric chemistry. | ||
|ClimateIndicatorOption= | |ClimateIndicatorOption=Temperature change; Concentration: CO2; Concentration: CH4; Concentration: N2O; Concentration: Kyoto gases; Radiative forcing: CO2; Radiative forcing: CH4; Radiative forcing: N2O; Radiative forcing: F-gases; Radiative forcing: Kyoto gases; Radiative forcing: aerosols; Radiative forcing: AN3A; Radiative forcing: total | ||
| | |ClimateIndicator=Radiative Forcing (Land Albedo) - Yes (exogenous); | ||
|CarbonDioxideRemovalOption=Bioenergy with CCS; Afforestation; Direct air capture; Enhanced weathering | |||
|Co-LinkagesOption=Energy security: Fossil fuel imports & exports (region); Water availability | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{InstitutionTemplate | {{InstitutionTemplate | ||
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|link=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/research/sustainable-solutions/models/remind | |link=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/research/sustainable-solutions/models/remind | ||
|country=Germany | |country=Germany | ||
}} | |||
{{OtherResourcesTemplate | |||
|OtherResourceOption=Cement | |||
|OtherResourceText=Cement production is not explicitly modeled, but emissions from cement production are accounted for. | |||
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 09:42, 28 March 2020
The reference card is a clearly defined description of model features. The numerous options have been organized into a limited amount of default and model specific (non default) options. In addition some features are described by a short clarifying text.
Legend:
- not implemented
- implemented
- implemented (not default option)
A page refresh may be needed after modifying data.
About
Name and version
REMIND 1.5
Institution
Potsdam Institut für Klimafolgenforschung (PIK), Germany, https://www.pik-potsdam.de.
Documentation
REMIND-MAgPIE documentation consists of a referencecard and detailed model documentation
Model scope and methods
Model type
- Integrated assessment model
- Energy system model
- CGE
- CBA-integrated assessment model
Geographical scope
- Global
- Regional
Solution concept
- Partial equilibrium (price elastic demand)
- Partial equilibrium (fixed demand)
- General equilibrium (closed economy)
Solution horizon
- Recursive dynamic (myopic)
- Intertemporal optimization (foresight)
Solution method
- Simulation
- Optimization
Temporal dimension
Base year:, time steps:, horizon:
Spatial dimension
Number of regions:
Time discounting type
- Discount rate exogenous
- Discount rate endogenous
Policies
- Emission tax
- Emission pricing
- Cap and trade
- Fuel taxes
- Fuel subsidies
- Feed-in-tariff
- Portfolio standard
- Capacity targets
- Emission standards
- Energy efficiency standards
- Agricultural producer subsidies
- Agricultural consumer subsidies
- Land protection
- Pricing carbon stocks
Socio-economic drivers
Population
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
Population age structure
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
Education level
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
Urbanization rate
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
GDP
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
Income distribution
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
Employment rate
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
Labor productivity
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
Total factor productivity
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
Autonomous energy efficiency improvements
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
Macro-economy
Economic sector
Industry
- Yes (physical)
- Yes (economic)
- Yes (physical & economic)
Energy
- Yes (physical)
- Yes (economic)
- Yes (physical & economic)
Transportation
- Yes (physical)
- Yes (economic)
- Yes (physical & economic)
Residential and commercial
- Yes (physical)
- Yes (economic)
- Yes (physical & economic)
Agriculture
- Yes (physical)
- Yes (economic)
- Yes (physical & economic)
Forestry
- Yes (physical)
- Yes (economic)
- Yes (physical & economic)
Macro-economy
Trade
- Coal
- Oil
- Gas
- Uranium
- Electricity
- Bioenergy crops
- Food crops
- Capital
- Emissions permits
- Non-energy goods
Cost measures
- GDP loss
- Welfare loss
- Consumption loss
- Area under MAC
- Energy system cost mark-up
Categorization by group
- Income
- Urban - rural
- Technology adoption
- Age
- Gender
- Education level
- Household size
Institutional and political factors
- Early retirement of capital allowed
- Interest rates differentiated by country/region
- Regional risk factors included
- Technology costs differentiated by country/region
- Technological change differentiated by country/region
- Behavioural change differentiated by country/region
- Constraints on cross country financial transfers
Resource use
Coal
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Conventional Oil
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Unconventional Oil
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Conventional Gas
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Unconventional Gas
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Uranium
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Bioenergy
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Water
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Raw Materials
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Land
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Technological change
Energy conversion technologies
- No technological change
- Exogenous technological change
- Endogenous technological change
Energy End-use
- No technological change
- Exogenous technological change
- Endogenous technological change
Material Use
- No technological change
- Exogenous technological change
- Endogenous technological change
Agriculture (tc)
- No technological change
- Exogenous technological change
- Endogenous technological change
Energy
Energy technology substitution
Energy technology choice
- No discrete technology choices
- Logit choice model
- Production function
- Linear choice (lowest cost)
- Lowest cost with adjustment penalties
Energy technology substitutability
- Mostly high substitutability
- Mostly low substitutability
- Mixed high and low substitutability
Energy technology deployment
- Expansion and decline constraints
- System integration constraints
Energy
Electricity technologies
- Coal w/o CCS
- Coal w/ CCS
- Gas w/o CCS
- Gas w/ CCS
- Oil w/o CCS
- Oil w/ CCS
- Bioenergy w/o CCS
- Bioenergy w/ CCS
- Geothermal power
- Nuclear power
- Solar power
- Solar power-central PV
- Solar power-distributed PV
- Solar power-CSP
- Wind power
- Wind power-onshore
- Wind power-offshore
- Hydroelectric power
- Ocean power
Hydrogen production
- Coal to hydrogen w/o CCS
- Coal to hydrogen w/ CCS
- Natural gas to hydrogen w/o CCS
- Natural gas to hydrogen w/ CCS
- Oil to hydrogen w/o CCS
- Oil to hydrogen w/ CCS
- Biomass to hydrogen w/o CCS
- Biomass to hydrogen w/ CCS
- Nuclear thermochemical hydrogen
- Solar thermochemical hydrogen
- Electrolysis
Refined liquids
- Coal to liquids w/o CCS
- Coal to liquids w/ CCS
- Gas to liquids w/o CCS
- Gas to liquids w/ CCS
- Bioliquids w/o CCS
- Bioliquids w/ CCS
- Oil refining
Refined gases
- Coal to gas w/o CCS
- Coal to gas w/ CCS
- Oil to gas w/o CCS
- Oil to gas w/ CCS
- Biomass to gas w/o CCS
- Biomass to gas w/ CCS
Heat generation
- Coal heat
- Natural gas heat
- Oil heat
- Biomass heat
- Geothermal heat
- Solarthermal heat
- CHP (coupled heat and power)
Grid Infra Structure
Electricity
- Yes (aggregate)
- Yes (spatially explicit)
Gas
- Yes (aggregate)
- Yes (spatially explicit)
Heat
- Yes (aggregate)
- Yes (spatially explicit)
CO2
- Yes (aggregate)
- Yes (spatially explicit)
Hydrogen
- Yes (aggregate)
- Yes (spatially explicit)
Energy end-use technologies
Passenger transportation
- Passenger trains
- Buses
- Light Duty Vehicles (LDVs)
- Electric LDVs
- Hydrogen LDVs
- Hybrid LDVs
- Gasoline LDVs
- Diesel LDVs
- Passenger aircrafts
Freight transportation
- Freight trains
- Heavy duty vehicles
- Freight aircrafts
- Freight ships
Industry
- Steel production
- Aluminium production
- Cement production
- Petrochemical production
- Paper production
- Plastics production
- Pulp production
Residential and commercial
- Space heating
- Space cooling
- Cooking
- Refrigeration
- Washing
- Lighting
Land-use
Land cover
- Cropland
- Cropland irrigated
- Cropland food crops
- Cropland feed crops
- Cropland energy crops
- Forest
- Managed forest
- Natural forest
- Pasture
- Shrubland
- Built-up area
Agriculture and forestry demands
- Agriculture food
- Agriculture food crops
- Agriculture food livestock
- Agriculture feed
- Agriculture feed crops
- Agriculture feed livestock
- Agriculture non-food
- Agriculture non-food crops
- Agriculture non-food livestock
- Agriculture bioenergy
- Agriculture residues
- Forest industrial roundwood
- Forest fuelwood
- Forest residues
Agricultural commodities
- Wheat
- Rice
- Other coarse grains
- Oilseeds
- Sugar crops
- Ruminant meat
- Non-ruminant meat and eggs
- Dairy products
Emission, climate and impacts
Greenhouse gases
- CO2 fossil fuels
- CO2 cement
- CO2 land use
- CH4 energy
- CH4 land use
- CH4 other
- N2O energy
- N2O land use
- N2O other
- CFCs
- HFCs
- SF6
- PFCs
Pollutants
- CO energy
- CO land use
- CO other
- NOx energy
- NOx land use
- NOx other
- VOC energy
- VOC land use
- VOC other
- SO2 energy
- SO2 land use
- SO2 other
- BC energy
- BC land use
- BC other
- OC energy
- OC land use
- OC other
- NH3 energy
- NH3 land use
- NH3 other
Climate indicators
- Concentration: CO2
- Concentration: CH4
- Concentration: N2O
- Concentration: Kyoto gases
- Radiative forcing: CO2
- Radiative forcing: CH4
- Radiative forcing: N2O
- Radiative forcing: F-gases
- Radiative forcing: Kyoto gases
- Radiative forcing: aerosols
- Radiative forcing: land albedo
- Radiative forcing: AN3A
- Radiative forcing: total
- Temperature change
- Sea level rise
- Ocean acidification
Carbon dioxide removal
- Bioenergy with CCS
- Reforestation
- Afforestation
- Soil carbon enhancement
- Direct air capture
- Enhanced weathering
Climate change impacts
- Agriculture
- Energy supply
- Energy demand
- Economic output
- Built capital
- Inequality
Co-Linkages
- Energy security: Fossil fuel imports & exports (region)
- Energy access: Household energy consumption
- Air pollution & health: Source-based aerosol emissions
- Air pollution & health: Health impacts of air Pollution
- Food access
- Water availability
- Biodiversity