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== Introduction ==
Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment (IMAGE) 3.0 is a comprehensive integrated modelling framework of interacting human and natural systems. The model framework is suited to large scale (mostly global) and long-term (up to the year 2100) assessments of interactions between human development and the natural environment, and integrates a range of sectors, ecosystems and indicators. The impacts of human activities on the natural systems and natural resources are assessed and how such impacts hamper the provision of ecosystem services to sustain human development.
Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment (IMAGE) 3.0 is a comprehensive integrated modelling framework of interacting human and natural systems. The model framework is suited to large scale (mostly global) and long-term (up to the year 2100) assessments of interactions between human development and the natural environment, and integrates a range of sectors, ecosystems and indicators. The impacts of human activities on the natural systems and natural resources are assessed and how such impacts hamper the provision of ecosystem services to sustain human development.


The model identifies socio-economic pathways, and projects the implications for energy, land, water and other natural resources, subject to resource availability and quality. Unintended side effects, such as emissions to air, water and soil, climatic change, and depletion and degradation of remaining stocks (fossil fuels, forests), are calculated and taken into account in future projections.
The model identifies socio-economic pathways, and projects the implications for energy, land, water and other natural resources, subject to resource availability and quality. Unintended side effects, such as emissions to air, water and soil, climatic change, and depletion and degradation of remaining stocks (fossil fuels, forests), are calculated and taken into account in future projections.
== Table of contents ==
=== [[Model scope and methods - IMAGE|Model scope and methods]] ===
* '''[[Model concept, solver and details - IMAGE|Model concept, solver and details]]'''
* '''[[Temporal dimension - IMAGE|Temporal dimension]]'''
* '''[[Spatial dimension - IMAGE|Spatial dimension]]'''
* '''[[Policy - IMAGE|Policy]]'''
=== [[Socio-economic drivers - IMAGE|Socio-economic drivers]] ===
* '''[[Population - IMAGE|Population]]'''
* '''[[Economic activity - IMAGE|Economic activity]]'''
=== [[Macro-economy - IMAGE|Macro-economy]] ===
* '''[[Production system and representation of economic sectors - IMAGE|Production system and representation of economic sectors]]'''
* '''[[Capital and labour markets - IMAGE|Capital and labour markets]]'''
* '''[[Monetary instruments - IMAGE|Monetary instruments]]'''
* '''[[Trade - IMAGE|Trade]]'''
* '''[[Technological change - IMAGE|Technological change]]'''
=== [[Energy - IMAGE|Energy]] ===
* '''[[Energy resource endowments - IMAGE|Energy resource endowments]]'''
** [[Fossil energy resources - IMAGE|Fossil energy resources]]
** [[Uranium and other fissile resources - IMAGE|Uranium and other fissile resources]]
** [[Bioenergy - IMAGE|Bioenergy]]
** [[Non-biomass renewables - IMAGE|Non-biomass renewables]]
* '''[[Energy conversion - IMAGE|Energy conversion]]'''
** [[Electricity - IMAGE|Electricity]]
** [[Heat - IMAGE|Heat]]
** [[Gaseous fuels - IMAGE|Gaseous fuels]]
** [[Liquid fuels - IMAGE|Liquid fuels]]
** [[Solid fuels - IMAGE|Solid fuels]]
** [[Grid, pipelines and other infrastructure - IMAGE|Grid, pipelines and other infrastructure]]
** [[Energy end-use - IMAGE|Energy end-use]]
** [[Transport - IMAGE|Transport]]
** [[Residential and commercial sectors - IMAGE|Residential and commercial sectors]]
** [[Industrial sector - IMAGE|Industrial sector]]
** [[Other end-use - IMAGE|Other end-use]]
* '''[[Energy demand - IMAGE|Energy demand]]'''
* '''[[Technological change in energy - IMAGE|Technological change in energy]]'''
=== [[Land-use - IMAGE|Land-use]] ===
* '''[[Agriculture - IMAGE|Agriculture]]'''
* '''[[Forestry - IMAGE|Forestry]]'''
* '''[[Land-use change - IMAGE|Land-use change]]'''
* '''[[Bioenergy land-use - IMAGE|Bioenergy land-use]]'''
* '''[[Other land-use - IMAGE|Other land-use]]'''
* '''[[Agricultural demand - IMAGE|Agricultural demand]]'''
* '''[[Technological change in land-use - IMAGE|Technological change in land-use]]'''
=== [[Emissions - IMAGE|Emissions]] ===
* '''[[GHGs - IMAGE|GHGs]]'''
* '''[[Pollutants and non-GHG forcing agents - IMAGE|Pollutants and non-GHG forcing agents]]'''
* '''[[Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) options - IMAGE|Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) options]]'''
=== [[Climate - IMAGE|Climate]] ===
* '''[[Modelling of climate indicators - IMAGE|Modelling of climate indicators ]]'''
* '''[[Climate damages, temperature changes - IMAGE|Climate damages, temperature changes ]]'''
=== [[Non-climate sustainability dimension - IMAGE|Non-climate sustainability dimension]] ===
* '''[[Air pollution and health - IMAGE|Air pollution and health]]'''
* '''[[Water - IMAGE|Water]]'''
* '''[[Other materials - IMAGE|Other materials]]'''
* '''[[Other sustainability dimensions - IMAGE|Other sustainability dimensions]]'''
=== [[Appendices - IMAGE|Appendices]] ===
* '''[[Mathematical model description - IMAGE|Mathematical model description]]'''
* '''[[Data - IMAGE|Data]]'''
=== [[References - IMAGE|References]] ===

Latest revision as of 11:39, 22 July 2025

Model Documentation - IMAGE

    Corresponding documentation
    Previous versions
    Model information
    Model link
    Institution PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), Netherlands, https://www.pbl.nl/en.
    Solution concept Partial equilibrium (price elastic demand)
    Solution method Simulation
    Anticipation Simulation modelling framework, without foresight. However, a simplified version of the energy/climate part of the model (called FAIR) can be run prior to running the framework to obtain data for climate policy simulations.

    Introduction

    Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment (IMAGE) 3.0 is a comprehensive integrated modelling framework of interacting human and natural systems. The model framework is suited to large scale (mostly global) and long-term (up to the year 2100) assessments of interactions between human development and the natural environment, and integrates a range of sectors, ecosystems and indicators. The impacts of human activities on the natural systems and natural resources are assessed and how such impacts hamper the provision of ecosystem services to sustain human development.

    The model identifies socio-economic pathways, and projects the implications for energy, land, water and other natural resources, subject to resource availability and quality. Unintended side effects, such as emissions to air, water and soil, climatic change, and depletion and degradation of remaining stocks (fossil fuels, forests), are calculated and taken into account in future projections.

    Table of contents

    Model scope and methods

    Socio-economic drivers

    Macro-economy

    Energy

    Land-use

    Emissions

    Climate

    Non-climate sustainability dimension

    Appendices

    References

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