]> 2026-05-31T07:43:02+02:00 GEM-E3 0 en Equivalent Variation other General equilibrium (closed economy) Global Recursive dynamic (myopic) Optimization CGE Other: Equipment goods, Non-metalic minnerals, Consumer goods industries General equilibrium (closed economy) Recursive dynamic (myopic) Optimization Ricardo (Ricardo), Greece, https://www.ricardo.com/en. GEM-E3 full published Other: Total factor productivity, Labour productivity, Capital productivity are all exogenous. Semi-endogenous TFP for clean technologies based on learning by doing and learning by research All other major traded economic activities (40 economic sectors) Energy goods _V2026 2026-05-17T14:50:00Z 2461178.1180556 GEM-E3 0 0 plainlist 1 [[:GEM-E3]] GEM-E3# QUERY9426682dbcd701a8150a59aa17d4f375 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::GroupStructure]] [[IsSectionOf::About]] GEM-E3# QUERYfcc41b5ad1822a38d45b89829581acbc 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureAbout]] [[HasID::Name and version]] GEM-E3# QUERYe68cfbdb2255d03893151e7f20e42562 0 0 plainlist 1 [[:FeatureStructureAbout]] GEM-E3# QUERY11a609fa1a68fdaf46e4be932137fb9f 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureAbout]] [[HasID::Documentation]] GEM-E3# QUERY5cb6c46a3ef8333ddb7e3b0b04632481 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureAbout]] [[HasID::Institution]] GEM-E3# QUERY47258fb5dfe0ed499bbb731da6aa52c7 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::GroupStructure]] [[IsSectionOf::Model scope and methods]] GEM-E3# 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subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy]] [[HasID::Categorization by group]] GEM-E3# QUERY2966315ca186d9b6163e52abd87ef726 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy]] [[HasID::Institutional and political factors]] GEM-E3# QUERY42a8ef0ad2d322979d0a4be8949bc874 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy]] [[HasID::Coal RU]] GEM-E3# QUERY29f579596396ae4f9518dec51c277b5f 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy]] [[HasID::Conventional Oil RU]] GEM-E3# QUERY585455ef49613bdb63cdc3e573c3a097 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy]] [[HasID::Unconventional Oil RU]] GEM-E3# QUERYff15aa6fcb3b4ea30f3d73f176dd87c7 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy]] [[HasID::Conventional Gas RU]] GEM-E3# QUERYdc3ffe9efd4598ad7fb92e027c48e45f 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy]] [[HasID::Unconventional Gas RU]] GEM-E3# QUERY80b5c1442a2de22dbb92d70a3e042b66 0 1 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QUERY2741e8aeb96b399c4f1a801455a35fc9 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy]] [[HasID::Energy technology substitutability]] GEM-E3# QUERY33c1653b23c0319815f5f1b2df389645 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy]] [[HasID::Energy technology deployment]] GEM-E3# QUERY6aefea1f6beebff4cbc338339f8b3eb2 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy]] [[HasID::Electricity technologies]] GEM-E3# QUERY9495b62ed46eae190bf6a96256af757d 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy]] [[HasID::Hydrogen production]] GEM-E3# QUERYfe971f6923f8457817bcaa1e526fa732 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy]] [[HasID::Refined liquids]] GEM-E3# QUERYb2c15c93ec75dd0e8d443a4478af73d7 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy]] [[HasID::Refined gases]] GEM-E3# QUERYd6a3a3d223723dec1e0b16a08728bd75 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy]] [[HasID::Heat generation]] GEM-E3# 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subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy]] [[HasID::Freight transportation]] GEM-E3# QUERY8db2d64d3380b447ca1c71c845c24c7b 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy]] [[HasID::Industry]] GEM-E3# QUERYb526b5f313f896c3aa2282fe4513f67f 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy]] [[HasID::Residential and commercial]] GEM-E3# QUERYee1ec2341ae461cef1355b2252722a5b 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::GroupStructure]] [[IsSectionOf::Land-use]] GEM-E3# QUERYb4fe77d96c2100b19803b5d0d780ea06 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureLand-use]] [[HasID::Land cover]] GEM-E3# QUERY87490187078cc866a39353a1f070563f 0 0 plainlist 1 [[:FeatureStructureLand-use]] GEM-E3# QUERYa220370afae3a76c12c15b5cb62a78a0 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureLand-use]] [[HasID::Agriculture and forestry demands]] GEM-E3# QUERY6757e039e38474d88aadf5fcf32af58e 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureLand-use]] [[HasID::Agricultural commodities]] GEM-E3# QUERY0fd727253754dbff62e27a98381692be 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::GroupStructure]] [[IsSectionOf::Emission, climate and impacts]] GEM-E3# QUERY1f354baba930006ee95a731047da170e 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEmissionClimate]] [[HasID::Greenhouse gases]] GEM-E3# QUERYe013095ab9d66c1198af0aee53eb3d05 0 0 plainlist 1 [[:FeatureStructureEmissionClimate]] GEM-E3# QUERY64bdb2d73ae2511fdbde0d62dfd8924f 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEmissionClimate]] [[HasID::Pollutants]] GEM-E3# QUERYadd35a3927d0eab8fd43b4b6bc0be592 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEmissionClimate]] [[HasID::Climate indicators]] GEM-E3# QUERY5cfc9eb63ea844083487cd94fd4328e6 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEmissionClimate]] [[HasID::Carbon dioxide removal]] GEM-E3# QUERY85cf5e3f590cc360f023e47860586b12 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEmissionClimate]] [[HasID::Climate change impacts]] GEM-E3# QUERY9f6f139d3504a8765d7882729fe46024 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEmissionClimate]] [[HasID::Co-Linkages]] GEM-E3# QUERY85838152aaafebfdf70894b7693fc685 0 1 plainlist 6 [[-Has subobject::GEM-E3]] [[InSection::main]] [[BelongsToGroup::About]] GEM-E3# QUERYc940197e003ec6ed78b076c715fae4ac 0 1 plainlist 6 [[-Has subobject::GEM-E3]] [[InSection::main]] [[BelongsToGroup::Model scope and methods]] GEM-E3# QUERYbdd2a5b8a0d26c95272512ad78a32f56 0 1 plainlist 6 [[-Has subobject::GEM-E3]] [[InSection::main]] [[BelongsToGroup::Socio-economic drivers]] GEM-E3# QUERYd87373746056c96bc0e3dc7f18016a98 0 1 plainlist 6 [[-Has subobject::GEM-E3]] [[InSection::Economic sector]] [[BelongsToGroup::Macro-economy]] GEM-E3# QUERY63c42d8328ba0047edaefe50856eb8c2 0 1 plainlist 6 [[-Has subobject::GEM-E3]] [[InSection::Macro-economy]] [[BelongsToGroup::Macro-economy]] GEM-E3# QUERY10f6ad9e7848c51ad64519dca1668c94 0 1 plainlist 6 [[-Has subobject::GEM-E3]] [[InSection::Resource use]] [[BelongsToGroup::Macro-economy]] GEM-E3# QUERY05b0c71124f890dd249bc1fe882a2e5a 0 1 plainlist 6 [[-Has subobject::GEM-E3]] [[InSection::Technological change]] [[BelongsToGroup::Macro-economy]] GEM-E3# QUERY9532f6f50138ed8cc893ae8769525e15 0 1 plainlist 6 [[-Has subobject::GEM-E3]] [[InSection::main]] [[BelongsToGroup::Energy]] GEM-E3# QUERY7b863865b5b110ed1a36234873ed90fb 0 1 plainlist 6 [[-Has subobject::GEM-E3]] [[InSection::Energy technology substitution]] [[BelongsToGroup::Energy]] GEM-E3# QUERYb7d6d54d66e17367d73e78fcbe6344f3 0 1 plainlist 6 [[-Has subobject::GEM-E3]] [[InSection::Energy]] [[BelongsToGroup::Energy]] GEM-E3# QUERYeaad09bb1e26782ee23897c50a67675d 0 1 plainlist 6 [[-Has subobject::GEM-E3]] [[InSection::Grid Infra Structure]] [[BelongsToGroup::Energy]] GEM-E3# QUERY18c3d4ee32ea9152955e30cf76cf0582 0 1 plainlist 6 [[-Has subobject::GEM-E3]] [[InSection::Energy end-use technologies]] [[BelongsToGroup::Energy]] GEM-E3# QUERY5e72a6b341eb2b394f245ee80cdbc29b 0 1 plainlist 6 [[-Has subobject::GEM-E3]] [[InSection::main]] [[BelongsToGroup::Land-use]] GEM-E3# QUERY5ed691cbfa05eeed15576b374782c973 0 1 plainlist 6 [[-Has subobject::GEM-E3]] [[InSection::main]] [[BelongsToGroup::Emission, climate and impacts]] GEM-E3# QUERYc1e549dd814345c27ff3d7221fda570b 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureAbout]] [[HasID::Model link]] GEM-E3# QUERY0cf2420020804c54be14d83cc3355833 0 1 plainlist 4 [[-Has subobject::FeatureStructureAbout]] [[HasID::Process state]] GEM-E3# QUERYcb247532a56757136acbd428aa6be5a5 0 About Name and version 1 GEM-E3 _V2026 main GEM-E3#Name and version 0 About Documentation 4 GEM-E3 documentation consists of a referencecard and [[Model Documentation - GEM-E3|detailed model documentation]] main GEM-E3#Documentation 0 About Institution 3 Ricardo (Ricardo), Greece, https://www.ricardo.com/en. main GEM-E3#Institution 0 Model scope and methods Model type Integrated assessment model Energy system model CGE CBA-integrated assessment model CGE 1 main GEM-E3#Model type 0 Model scope and methods Geographical scope Global Regional Global 2 main GEM-E3#Geographical scope 0 Model scope and methods Objective 3 The GEM-E3 model is a multi-regional, multi-sectoral, recursive dynamic hybrid computable general equilibrium (CGE) model which provides details on the macro-economy and its interaction with the environment and the energy system. It incorporates micro-economic mechanisms and institutional features within a consistent macro-economic framework. main GEM-E3#Objective 0 Model scope and methods Solution concept Partial equilibrium (price elastic demand) Partial equilibrium (fixed demand) General equilibrium (closed economy) General equilibrium (closed economy) 4 main GEM-E3#Solution concept 0 Model scope and methods Solution horizon Recursive dynamic (myopic) Intertemporal optimization (foresight) Recursive dynamic (myopic) 5 main GEM-E3#Solution horizon 0 Model scope and methods Solution method Simulation Optimization Optimization 6 main GEM-E3#Solution method 0 Model scope and methods Anticipation 7 main GEM-E3#Anticipation 0 Model scope and methods Temporal dimension 8 Base year:2014, time steps:5, horizon: 2100 main GEM-E3#Temporal dimension 0 Model scope and methods Spatial dimension 9 Number of regions:47 main GEM-E3#Spatial dimension 0 Model scope and methods Time discounting type Discount rate exogenous Discount rate endogenous 10 main GEM-E3#Time discounting type 0 Model scope and methods Policies Emission tax Emission pricing Cap and trade Fuel taxes Fuel subsidies Feed-in-tariff Portfolio standard Capacity targets Emission standards Energy efficiency standards Agricultural producer subsidies Agricultural consumer subsidies Land protection Pricing carbon stocks Emission tax Emission pricing Cap and trade Fuel taxes Fuel subsidies Feed-in-tariff Portfolio standard Capacity targets 11 main GEM-E3#Policies 0 Socio-economic drivers Population Yes (exogenous) Yes (endogenous) Yes (exogenous) 1 main GEM-E3#Population 0 Socio-economic drivers Population age structure Yes (exogenous) Yes (endogenous) 2 main GEM-E3#Population age structure 0 Socio-economic drivers Education level Yes (exogenous) Yes (endogenous) Yes (endogenous) 3 main GEM-E3#Education level 0 Socio-economic drivers Urbanization rate Yes (exogenous) Yes (endogenous) 4 main GEM-E3#Urbanization rate 0 Socio-economic drivers GDP Yes (exogenous) Yes (endogenous) Yes (endogenous) 5 main GEM-E3#GDP 0 Socio-economic drivers Income distribution Yes (exogenous) Yes (endogenous) 6 main GEM-E3#Income distribution 0 Socio-economic drivers Employment rate Yes (exogenous) Yes (endogenous) Yes (endogenous) 7 main GEM-E3#Employment rate 0 Socio-economic drivers Labor productivity Yes (exogenous) Yes (endogenous) Yes (exogenous) 8 main GEM-E3#Labor productivity 0 Socio-economic drivers Total factor productivity Yes (exogenous) Yes (endogenous) Yes (exogenous) 9 main GEM-E3#Total factor productivity 0 Socio-economic drivers Autonomous energy efficiency improvements Yes (exogenous) Yes (endogenous) Yes (exogenous) 10 main GEM-E3#Autonomous energy efficiency improvements 0 Socio-economic drivers Other socio economic driver 11 main GEM-E3#Other socio economic driver 0 Macro-economy Industry Yes (physical) Yes (economic) Yes (physical & economic) 1 Economic sector GEM-E3#Industry ES 0 Macro-economy Energy Yes (physical) Yes (economic) Yes (physical & economic) 2 Economic sector GEM-E3#Energy ES 0 Macro-economy Transportation Yes (physical) Yes (economic) Yes (physical & economic) 3 Economic sector GEM-E3#Transportation ES 0 Macro-economy Residential and commercial Yes (physical) Yes (economic) Yes (physical & economic) 4 Economic sector GEM-E3#Residential and commercial ES 0 Macro-economy Agriculture Yes (physical) Yes (economic) Yes (physical & economic) 5 Economic sector GEM-E3#Agriculture ES 0 Macro-economy Forestry Yes (physical) Yes (economic) Yes (physical & economic) 6 Economic sector GEM-E3#Forestry ES 0 Macro-economy GEM-E3 represents 29 sectors: Agriculture,Coal,Crude Oil,Oil,Gas,Electricity supply,Ferrous and non ferrous metals,Chemical Products,Other energy intensive,Electric Goods,Transport equipment,Other Equipment Goods,Consumer Goods Industries,Construction,Transport (Air),Transport (Land),Transport (Water),Market Services,Non Market Services,Coal fired,Oil fired,Gas fired,Nuclear,Biomass,Hydro electric,Wind,PV,CCS coal,CCS Gas Other economic sector 7 other Economic sector GEM-E3#Other economic sector 0 Macro-economy The model links all countries and sectors through endogenous bilateral trade transactions. Trade Coal Oil Gas Uranium Electricity Bioenergy crops Food crops Capital Emissions permits Non-energy goods Coal Oil Gas Bioenergy crops Food crops Capital Emissions permits 8 All other major traded economic activities (40 economic sectors) Energy goods Macro-economy GEM-E3#Trade 0 Macro-economy Cost measures GDP loss Welfare loss Consumption loss Area under MAC Energy system cost mark-up GDP loss Welfare loss 9 Equivalent Variation Macro-economy GEM-E3#Cost measures 0 Macro-economy Categorization by group Income Urban - rural Technology adoption Age Gender Education level Household size Technology adoption 10 Macro-economy GEM-E3#Categorization by group 0 Macro-economy Institutional and political factors Early retirement of capital allowed Interest rates differentiated by country/region Regional risk factors included Technology costs differentiated by country/region Technological change differentiated by country/region Behavioural change differentiated by country/region Constraints on cross country financial transfers 11 Macro-economy GEM-E3#Institutional and political factors 0 Macro-economy Coal Yes (fixed) Yes (supply curve) Yes (process model) Yes (fixed) 12 Resource use GEM-E3#Coal RU 0 Macro-economy Conventional Oil Yes (fixed) Yes (supply curve) Yes (process model) 13 Resource use GEM-E3#Conventional Oil RU 0 Macro-economy Unconventional Oil Yes (fixed) Yes (supply curve) Yes (process model) Yes (fixed) 14 Resource use GEM-E3#Unconventional Oil RU 0 Macro-economy Conventional Gas Yes (fixed) Yes (supply curve) Yes (process model) Yes (fixed) 15 Resource use GEM-E3#Conventional Gas RU 0 Macro-economy Unconventional Gas Yes (fixed) Yes (supply curve) Yes (process model) Yes (fixed) 16 Resource use GEM-E3#Unconventional Gas RU 0 Macro-economy Uranium Yes (fixed) Yes (supply curve) Yes (process model) 17 Resource use GEM-E3#Uranium RU 0 Macro-economy Bioenergy Yes (fixed) Yes (supply curve) Yes (process model) Yes (process model) 18 Resource use GEM-E3#Bioenergy RU 0 Macro-economy Water Yes (fixed) Yes (supply curve) Yes (process model) 19 Resource use GEM-E3#Water RU 0 Macro-economy Raw Materials Yes (fixed) Yes (supply curve) Yes (process model) Yes (process model) 20 Resource use GEM-E3#Raw Materials RU 0 Macro-economy Land Yes (fixed) Yes (supply curve) Yes (process model) 21 Resource use GEM-E3#Land RU 0 Macro-economy Other resource use 22 Resource use GEM-E3#Other resource use 0 Macro-economy Energy conversion technologies No technological change Exogenous technological change Endogenous technological change 23 Technological change GEM-E3#Energy conversion technologies TC 0 Macro-economy Energy End-use No technological change Exogenous technological change Endogenous technological change 24 Technological change GEM-E3#Energy End-use TC 0 Macro-economy Material Use No technological change Exogenous technological change Endogenous technological change Exogenous technological change 25 Technological change GEM-E3#Material Use TC 0 Macro-economy Agriculture (tc) No technological change Exogenous technological change Endogenous technological change 26 Technological change GEM-E3#Agriculture TC 0 Macro-economy Other technological change 27 Other: Total factor productivity, Labour productivity, Capital productivity are all exogenous. Semi-endogenous TFP for clean technologies based on learning by doing and learning by research Technological change GEM-E3#Other technological change 0 Energy Behaviour 1 main GEM-E3#Behaviour 0 Energy Energy technology choice No discrete technology choices Logit choice model Production function Linear choice (lowest cost) Lowest cost with adjustment penalties 2 Energy technology substitution GEM-E3#Energy technology choice 0 Energy Energy technology substitutability Mostly high substitutability Mostly low substitutability Mixed high and low substitutability Mostly high substitutability 3 Energy technology substitution GEM-E3#Energy technology substitutability 0 Energy Energy technology deployment Expansion and decline constraints System integration constraints Expansion and decline constraints 4 Energy technology substitution GEM-E3#Energy technology deployment 0 Energy Electricity technologies Coal w/o CCS Coal w/ CCS Gas w/o CCS Gas w/ CCS Oil w/o CCS Oil w/ CCS Bioenergy w/o CCS Bioenergy w/ CCS Geothermal power Nuclear power Solar power Solar power-central PV Solar power-distributed PV Solar power-CSP Wind power Wind power-onshore Wind power-offshore Hydroelectric power Ocean power Coal w/ CCS Gas w/o CCS Gas w/ CCS Oil w/o CCS Bioenergy w/o CCS Geothermal power Nuclear power Solar power Solar power-central PV Wind power Wind power-onshore Wind power-offshore Hydroelectric power 5 Energy GEM-E3#Electricity technologies 0 Energy Hydrogen production Coal to hydrogen w/o CCS Coal to hydrogen w/ CCS Natural gas to hydrogen w/o CCS Natural gas to hydrogen w/ CCS Oil to hydrogen w/o CCS Oil to hydrogen w/ CCS Biomass to hydrogen w/o CCS Biomass to hydrogen w/ CCS Nuclear thermochemical hydrogen Solar thermochemical hydrogen Electrolysis 6 Energy GEM-E3#Hydrogen production 0 Energy Refined liquids Coal to liquids w/o CCS Coal to liquids w/ CCS Gas to liquids w/o CCS Gas to liquids w/ CCS Bioliquids w/o CCS Bioliquids w/ CCS Oil refining 7 Energy GEM-E3#Refined liquids 0 Energy Refined gases Coal to gas w/o CCS Coal to gas w/ CCS Oil to gas w/o CCS Oil to gas w/ CCS Biomass to gas w/o CCS Biomass to gas w/ CCS 8 Energy GEM-E3#Refined gases 0 Energy Heat generation Coal heat Natural gas heat Oil heat Biomass heat Geothermal heat Solarthermal heat CHP (coupled heat and power) 9 Energy GEM-E3#Heat generation 0 Energy Electricity Yes (aggregate) Yes (spatially explicit) 10 Grid Infra Structure GEM-E3#Electricity GI 0 Energy Gas Yes (aggregate) Yes (spatially explicit) 11 Grid Infra Structure GEM-E3#Gas GI 0 Energy Heat Yes (aggregate) Yes (spatially explicit) 12 Grid Infra Structure GEM-E3#Heat GI 0 Energy CO2 Yes (aggregate) Yes (spatially explicit) 13 Grid Infra Structure GEM-E3#CO2 GI 0 Energy Hydrogen Yes (aggregate) Yes (spatially explicit) 14 Grid Infra Structure GEM-E3#Hydrogen GI 0 Energy Other grid and infrastructure 15 Grid Infra Structure GEM-E3#Other grid and infrastructure 0 Energy Passenger transportation Passenger trains Buses Light Duty Vehicles (LDVs) Electric LDVs Hydrogen LDVs Hybrid LDVs Gasoline LDVs Diesel LDVs Passenger aircrafts Buses Electric LDVs Hybrid LDVs Gasoline LDVs Passenger trains Passenger aircrafts 16 Energy end-use technologies GEM-E3#Passenger transportation 0 Energy Freight transportation Freight trains Heavy duty vehicles Freight aircrafts Freight ships Freight trains Heavy duty vehicles Freight aircrafts Freight ships 17 Energy end-use technologies GEM-E3#Freight transportation 0 Energy Industry Steel production Aluminium production Cement production Petrochemical production Paper production Plastics production Pulp production Steel production Aluminium production Cement production Petrochemical production Paper production Pulp production 18 Other: Equipment goods, Non-metalic minnerals, Consumer goods industries Energy end-use technologies GEM-E3#Industry 0 Energy Residential and commercial Space heating Space cooling Cooking Refrigeration Washing Lighting Cooking Space heating 19 Energy end-use technologies GEM-E3#Residential and commercial 0 Land-use Land cover Cropland Cropland irrigated Cropland food crops Cropland feed crops Cropland energy crops Forest Managed forest Natural forest Pasture Shrubland Built-up area 1 main GEM-E3#Land cover 0 Land-use Agriculture and forestry demands Agriculture food Agriculture food crops Agriculture food livestock Agriculture feed Agriculture feed crops Agriculture feed livestock Agriculture non-food Agriculture non-food crops Agriculture non-food livestock Agriculture bioenergy Agriculture residues Forest industrial roundwood Forest fuelwood Forest residues 2 main GEM-E3#Agriculture and forestry demands 0 Land-use Agricultural commodities Wheat Rice Other coarse grains Oilseeds Sugar crops Ruminant meat Non-ruminant meat and eggs Dairy products Oilseeds 3 main GEM-E3#Agricultural commodities 0 Emission, climate and impacts Greenhouse gases CO2 fossil fuels CO2 cement CO2 land use CH4 energy CH4 land use CH4 other N2O energy N2O land use N2O other CFCs HFCs SF6 PFCs HFCs SF6 CO2 fossil fuels CH4 energy CH4 other N2O energy N2O other 1 main GEM-E3#Greenhouse gases 0 Emission, climate and impacts Pollutants CO energy CO land use CO other NOx energy NOx land use NOx other VOC energy VOC land use VOC other SO2 energy SO2 land use SO2 other BC energy BC land use BC other OC energy OC land use OC other NH3 energy NH3 land use NH3 other 2 main GEM-E3#Pollutants 0 Emission, climate and impacts GEM-E3 model does not include climate indicators. Climate indicators Concentration: CO2 Concentration: CH4 Concentration: N2O Concentration: Kyoto gases Radiative forcing: CO2 Radiative forcing: CH4 Radiative forcing: N2O Radiative forcing: F-gases Radiative forcing: Kyoto gases Radiative forcing: aerosols Radiative forcing: land albedo Radiative forcing: AN3A Radiative forcing: total Temperature change Sea level rise Ocean acidification 3 main GEM-E3#Climate indicators 0 Emission, climate and impacts Carbon dioxide removal Bioenergy with CCS Reforestation Afforestation Soil carbon enhancement Direct air capture Enhanced weathering Bioenergy with CCS Afforestation Direct air capture 4 main GEM-E3#Carbon dioxide removal 0 Emission, climate and impacts Climate change impacts Agriculture Energy supply Energy demand Economic output Built capital Inequality 5 main GEM-E3#Climate change impacts 0 Emission, climate and impacts Co-Linkages Energy security: Fossil fuel imports & exports (region) Energy access: Household energy consumption Air pollution & health: Source-based aerosol emissions Air pollution & health: Health impacts of air Pollution Food access Water availability Biodiversity Energy access: Household energy consumption 6 main GEM-E3#Co-Linkages 0 About Model link 2 https://www.ricardo.com/media/zt4pgiyu/gem-e3_manual_2017.pdf main GEM-E3#Model link 0 About Process state 5 published main GEM-E3#Process state 0 Greece Ricardo Ricardo GEM-E3#Institution Ricardo Air pollution and health - GEM-E3 0 en Air pollution and health - GEM-E3 Appendices - GEM-E3 0 en Appendices - GEM-E3 Capital and labour markets - GEM-E3 0 en Capital and labour markets - GEM-E3 Climate - GEM-E3 0 en Climate - GEM-E3 Economic activity - GEM-E3 0 en Economic activity - GEM-E3 Electricity - GEM-E3 0 en Electricity - GEM-E3 Emissions - GEM-E3 0 en Emissions - GEM-E3 Energy - GEM-E3 0 en Energy - GEM-E3 Energy conversion - GEM-E3 0 en Energy conversion - GEM-E3 Energy demand - GEM-E3 0 en Energy demand - GEM-E3 Energy end-use - GEM-E3 0 en Energy end-use - GEM-E3 Energy resource endowments - GEM-E3 0 en Energy resource endowments - GEM-E3 GHGs - GEM-E3 0 en GHGs - GEM-E3 Grid, pipelines and other infrastructure - GEM-E3 0 en Grid, pipelines and other infrastructure - GEM-E3 Industrial sector - GEM-E3 0 en Industrial sector - GEM-E3 Land-use - GEM-E3 0 en Land-use - GEM-E3 Macro-economy - GEM-E3 0 en Macro-economy - GEM-E3 Mathematical model description - GEM-E3 0 en Mathematical model description - GEM-E3 Model Documentation - GEM-E3 0 en Model Documentation - GEM-E3 Model concept, solver and details - GEM-E3 0 en Model concept, solver and details - GEM-E3 Model scope and methods - GEM-E3 0 en Model scope and methods - GEM-E3 Monetary instruments - GEM-E3 0 en Monetary instruments - GEM-E3 Non-climate sustainability dimension - GEM-E3 0 en Non-climate sustainability dimension - GEM-E3 Other sustainability dimensions - GEM-E3 0 en Other sustainability dimensions - GEM-E3 Policy - GEM-E3 0 en Policy - GEM-E3 Pollutants and non-GHG forcing agents - GEM-E3 0 en Pollutants and non-GHG forcing agents - GEM-E3 Population - GEM-E3 0 en Population - GEM-E3 Production system and representation of economic sectors - GEM-E3 0 en Production system and representation of economic sectors - GEM-E3 References - GEM-E3 0 en References - GEM-E3 Residential and commercial sectors - GEM-E3 0 en Residential and commercial sectors - GEM-E3 Socio-economic drivers - GEM-E3 0 en Socio-economic drivers - GEM-E3 Spatial dimension - GEM-E3 0 en Spatial dimension - GEM-E3 Technological change - GEM-E3 0 en Technological change - GEM-E3 Technological change in energy - GEM-E3 0 en Technological change in energy - GEM-E3 Temporal dimension - GEM-E3 0 en Temporal dimension - GEM-E3 Trade - GEM-E3 0 en Trade - GEM-E3 Transport - GEM-E3 0 en Transport - GEM-E3 Water - GEM-E3 0 en Water - GEM-E3 Reference card - GEM-E3 0 en Reference card - GEM-E3 Archive of GEM-E3 version 092019 0 en Archive of GEM-E3 version 092019 Archive of GEM-E3 version unknown 0 en Archive of GEM-E3 version unknown Snapshot of - GEM-E3 0 en Snapshot of - GEM-E3 Archive page of - GEM-E3 0 en Archive page of - GEM-E3 IsDocumentationOf 102 en IsDocumentationOf IsAttributeOfModel 102 en IsAttributeOfModel ReferenceCardOfModel 102 en ReferenceCardOfModel IsInstituteOfModel 102 en IsInstituteOfModel IsArchivedVersionOfModel 102 en IsArchivedVersionOfModel IsSnapshotOf 102 en IsSnapshotOf IsArchiverPageOf 102 en IsArchiverPageOf