Data - POLES

Model Documentation - POLES
Model scope and methods - POLES Model concept, solver and details - POLES Temporal dimension - POLES Spatial dimension - POLES Policy - POLES Socio-economic drivers - POLES Population - POLES Economic activity - POLES Macro-economy - POLES Production system and representation of economic sectors - POLES Energy - POLES Energy resource endowments - POLES Fossil energy resources - POLES Uranium and other fissile resources - POLES Bioenergy - POLES Non-biomass renewables - POLES Energy conversion - POLES Electricity - POLES Heat - POLES Gaseous fuels - POLES Liquid fuels - POLES Solid fuels - POLES Grid, pipelines and other infrastructure - POLES Energy end-use - POLES Transport - POLES Residential and commercial sectors - POLES Industrial sector - POLES Other end-use - POLES Energy demand - POLES Technological change in energy - POLES Land-use - POLES Emissions - POLES Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) options - POLES Climate - POLES Non-climate sustainability dimension - POLES Appendices - POLES Data - POLES References - POLES
Corresponding documentation
AIM-Hub BLUES C3IAM COFFEE-TEA DNE21+ GCAM GRACE POLES PROMETHEUS WITCH
Previous versions
Archive of POLES version ADVANCE
Model information
Model link	http://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/poles https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/poles-jrc-model-documentation-0
Institution	JRC - Joint Research Centre - European Commission (EC-JRC), Belgium, http://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/.
Solution concept	Partial equilibrium (price elastic demand)
Solution method	SimulationRecursive simulation
Anticipation	Myopic

Synthetic view of POLES data sources:

Macro-economic drivers

Population

• UN (2015, medium fertility)

GDP

• World Bank (2015), EC (2015), IMF (2016), OECD (2013, see also Dellink et al. 2014)

Value added

• World Bank (2015); projection endogenous

Mobility, vehicles, households, tons of steel

• Sectoral databases; projections endogenous

Energy resources

Oil, gas, coal

• BGR (2014), USGS (2013), WEC (2013), sectoral databases

Uranium

• OECD (2014)

Biomass

• EU: Green-X model1
• Non-EU: GLOBIOM model

Hydro

• Enerdata (2015)

Wind, solar

• NREL (2013), Pietzcker (2014)

Energy balances

Reserves, production

• BP (2015), Enerdata (2015), IEA (2015); projections endogenous

Demand by sector and fuel, transformation (including. power), losses

• Enerdata (2015), IEA (2015); projections endogenous

Energy prices

International energy prices, prices to consumer

• EIA (2016), Enerdata (2015), IEA (2015); projections endogenous

GHG emissions

Energy CO2

• Derived from energy balances; endogenous

Other GHG Annex 1

• UNFCCC (2015); projections endogenous, and derived from data from GLOBIOM

Other GHG Non-Annex 1 (excl. LULUCF)

• EDGAR1; projections endogenous, and derived from data from GLOBIOM

LULUCF Non-Annex 1

• FAO (2015); projections endogenous, and derived from data from GLOBIOM

Technology costs

The model's learning curves based on literature, including but not only: EC JRC (2014), IEA Technology Roadmaps, WEC (2013), TECHPOL database (developed in several European research projects: SAPIENT, SAPIENTIA, CASCADE MINTS - see for instance: [1])