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This is a property of type Text.
A
Waste Heat +
Textile, Chlor-Alkali, Fertilizer, Chemical, Brick Kiln, Sugar Plant +
Note: 2005- 2015 is used for calibration and parameters are adjusted to be close to the IEA energy balance table +
Bioenergy linked with AIM/PLUM +
2005- 2015 is used for calibration and parameters are adjusted to be close to the IEA energy balance table +
B
Direct air capture is optional +
Passengers and freights are not explicitly distinguished for trains, aircraft, and ship +
Electricity grid infrastructure is crudely modeled, such as an upper limit of renewable energy +
Passengers and freights are not explicitly distinguished for trains, aircraft, and ship +
The time domain internally has an extension of several decades beyond the horizon to avoid unexpected terminal effects. +
BLUES is partial equilibrium energy-land system model, with integration with the TEA model (CGE model). +
C
The COFFEE model is Partial Equilibrium. The TEA model is General Equilibrium. +
The COFFEE model is Intertemporal Optimization. The TEA model is Recursive Dynamic. +
D
indicated uses are modelled in aggregated sectors, but not disaggregated +
Exogenous +
For reported EMF36 (https://emf.stanford.edu/projects/emf-36-carbon-pricing-after-paris-carpri) results, the 8 EU regions have been aggregared to EUR +
E
Only for power generation sector, residential heat passenger vehicles and iron and steel industry. +
The major economies are represented individually and all other regions are aggregated based on similarities. +
ENV-Linkages model is written in the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) modelling language. GAMS is particularly useful for numerical modelling of linear, nonlinear and mixed integer optimization systems. +
Transport is not disaggregated based on Freight and Passenger, but based on vehicle type (heavy-duty, light-duty, rail, shipping, aviation) +
Industry is aggregated by type of needs: processes that can be electrified, high-temperature processes that cannot be electrified, processes requiring fuel feedstocks +
Residential and commercial demand is aggregated as: heating (space + water), cooking and any other appliances (including cooling, lighting, washing, refrigeration) +
Optimising the end-state of the system for a given planning horizon +
The 35 considered countries are further divided into sub-country regions. In total, the model has 98 sub-national regions +
G
Dimensionality is flexible and can be expanded by adding additional information about regions. For example, a version of GCAM (GCAM-USA) exists with 82 regions that includes the 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and the remaining 31 non-US regions. +
GEM-E3 model does not include climate indicators. +
GEM-E3 represents 29 sectors:
Agriculture,Coal,Crude Oil,Oil,Gas,Electricity supply,Ferrous and non ferrous metals,Chemical Products,Other energy intensive,Electric Goods,Transport equipment,Other Equipment Goods,Consumer Goods Industries,Construction,Transport (Air),Transport (Land),Transport (Water),Market Services,Non Market Services,Coal fired,Oil fired,Gas fired,Nuclear,Biomass,Hydro electric,Wind,PV,CCS coal,CCS Gas +
The model links all countries and sectors through endogenous bilateral trade transactions. +
exogenous as part of exogenous energy demand developments +
Total Energy System Costs (split into CAPEX, OPEX, Transmission, Storages, etc) +
as potential user choice +
Apart from the global model with 10 macro-regions, there are several more detailed regional applications at either country, or sub-country level (e.g. for Europe, Germany, China, India, Mexico, Japan, South Africa, etc). It is planned to combine these datasets in an upcoming version. +
Reduced hourly timeseries via a timeseries reduction algorithm (described here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113820 and here: https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.558112.de/diw_datadoc_2017-088.pdf). Can be chosen by the user. Typically, the range of intra-yearly timesteps ranges between 18 and 120. +
Flexible based on the latest GTAP database. +
I
Electricity is aggregated for all fuel types in the model. +
Energy trade is represented in a 'pooled' approach - imports and exports are aggregated across energy types. +
The non-CO2 forcing agents that are not explicitly tracked are represented in the climate module by an exogenously given additional forcing factor. +
The energy sector is divided into five sub-sectors: oil extraction, gas extraction, coal extraction, refinery, power generation. The transport sector is divided into three sub-sectors: terrestrial transport, air transport, water transport. The industry sector has one sub-sector: Energy intensive industry. +
The non-CO2 forcing agents that are not explicitly tracked are represented in the climate module by an exogenously given additional forcing factor. +
The energy sector is divided into five sub-sectors: oil extraction, gas extraction, coal extraction, refinery, power generation. The transport sector is divided into three sub-sectors: terrestrial transport, air transport, water transport. The industry sector has one sub-sector: Energy intensive industry. +
CHP also has a CCS option +
generic CES function for each electricity producing sector +
M
Urban-rural categorization is explicitly modeled for cooking and lighting in residential sector. It is implicitly modeled in case of passenger movement in transport sector. In other sectors, urban-rural categorization is not used. +
Single region national level model +
MEDEAS is nested modelling framework whereby the... +
The model can also run in a Recursive Dynamic (myopic) mode +
generic technologies by fuel +
generic technologies by energy service +
generic technologies by fuel +
From 1990 to 2010 MESSAGE employs 5-year time steps with 10-year steps employed thereafter +
Zero - endogenous +
Country level using ISO3C code +
Technology choice depends on agents' preferences: minimization/maximisation of one objective, or weighted average sum of objectives, lexicographic methods +
Discrete technology choices with mostly high substitutability in some sectors and mostly low substitutability in other sectors +
Non-metallic minerals +
Granularity of the socio-economic drivers is sector-dependent +
recursive-dynamic (limited foresight) +
configurable +
P
Investments: supply-side only +
Complete energy balances: 57 countries / regions covering the World, including detailed EU28, all OECD countries and main non-OECD countries
Fossil fuel supply: 80 countries / regions +
Energy markets: yearly step
Power generation: 2-hour time steps in representative days +
R
The macro-economic part contains a single sector representation of the entire economy. A generic final good is produced from capital, labor, and different final energy types. +
Generalized transmission and distribution costs are included, but not modeled on an explicit spatial level.
Regionalized additional grid and storage costs for renewable integration are included. +
Ozone is not modeled as emission, but is an endogenous result of atmospheric chemistry. +
different technologies for district heating, buildings heating and industrial process heat, also differentiated between different temperature levels +
Steel production explicit, other industries aggregated +
Spatial scope is flexible: regions can be chosen based on research focus and regions can be aggregated based on German federal states and/or European national states. +
Exogenous restrictions on the optimization path can be given (e.g. spline interpolation with fixed number of knots) to reduce yearly fluctuations and reduce number of free parameters. +
57 regions is the default version. Also features an almost all country resolution with 160 ISO3 countries. +
T
Climate damages available although not often modelled
CO2 is from both energy and also land-use (and forestry) included in climate module.
The non-CO2 forcing agents that are not explicitly tracked are represented in the climate
module by an exogenously given additional forcing factor. +
Some emissions are exogenous (eg: agriculture) +
Link with MACRO Stand-Alone (module which represents all other economic sectors) available to represent rest of the economy +
No explicit modelling of grids, only a transmission cost and division to centralised/decentralised electricity generation technologies +
Washing is disaggregated in clothes and dishes. +
UK split as separate region compared to the ETSAP-TIAM model +
Year divided to six time slices + an additional peaking constraint. +
V
Country plus its regions (NUTS2 level) +
W
Electricity generation cost structures are based on the GTAP-POWER database. +
The model is flexible in its spatial aggregation of regions, with up to ~20 regional aggregates. +
A single economy sector is represented. Production inputs are capital, labor and energy services, accounting for the Energy sector split into 8 energy technologies sectors (coal, oil, gas, wind&solar, nuclear, electricity and biofuels). +
Complex system of systems simulation approach with all systems fully coupled +
Advanced applied mathematics for multi-disciplinary analysis and optimization of complex system of systems applied to IAM scope +
Regionalization in progress (high level regionalization with 5-10 macro-regions expected for end'23, smart spatial multi-scaling by end'24) +
yearly timestep for convenient alignment with datasets, but numerically any timestep could be choosen +