Property:HasAttributeComment
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This is a property of type Text.
E
Industry is aggregated by type of needs: processes that can be electrified, high-temperature processes that cannot be electrified, processes requiring fuel feedstocks +
Residential and commercial demand is aggregated as: heating (space + water), cooking and any other appliances (including cooling, lighting, washing, refrigeration) +
Optimising the end-state of the system for a given planning horizon +
The 35 considered countries are further divided into sub-country regions. In total, the model has 98 sub-national regions +
G
Dimensionality is flexible and can be expanded by adding additional information about regions. For example, a version of GCAM (GCAM-USA) exists with 82 regions that includes the 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and the remaining 31 non-US regions. +
GEM-E3 model does not include climate indicators. +
GEM-E3 represents 29 sectors:
Agriculture,Coal,Crude Oil,Oil,Gas,Electricity supply,Ferrous and non ferrous metals,Chemical Products,Other energy intensive,Electric Goods,Transport equipment,Other Equipment Goods,Consumer Goods Industries,Construction,Transport (Air),Transport (Land),Transport (Water),Market Services,Non Market Services,Coal fired,Oil fired,Gas fired,Nuclear,Biomass,Hydro electric,Wind,PV,CCS coal,CCS Gas +
The model links all countries and sectors through endogenous bilateral trade transactions. +
exogenous as part of exogenous energy demand developments +
Total Energy System Costs (split into CAPEX, OPEX, Transmission, Storages, etc) +
as potential user choice +
Apart from the global model with 10 macro-regions, there are several more detailed regional applications at either country, or sub-country level (e.g. for Europe, Germany, China, India, Mexico, Japan, South Africa, etc). It is planned to combine these datasets in an upcoming version. +
Reduced hourly timeseries via a timeseries reduction algorithm (described here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113820 and here: https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.558112.de/diw_datadoc_2017-088.pdf). Can be chosen by the user. Typically, the range of intra-yearly timesteps ranges between 18 and 120. +
Flexible based on the latest GTAP database. +
I
Electricity is aggregated for all fuel types in the model. +
Energy trade is represented in a 'pooled' approach - imports and exports are aggregated across energy types. +
The non-CO2 forcing agents that are not explicitly tracked are represented in the climate module by an exogenously given additional forcing factor. +
The energy sector is divided into five sub-sectors: oil extraction, gas extraction, coal extraction, refinery, power generation. The transport sector is divided into three sub-sectors: terrestrial transport, air transport, water transport. The industry sector has one sub-sector: Energy intensive industry. +
The non-CO2 forcing agents that are not explicitly tracked are represented in the climate module by an exogenously given additional forcing factor. +
The energy sector is divided into five sub-sectors: oil extraction, gas extraction, coal extraction, refinery, power generation. The transport sector is divided into three sub-sectors: terrestrial transport, air transport, water transport. The industry sector has one sub-sector: Energy intensive industry. +