REMIND-MAgPIE: Difference between revisions
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{{ModelTemplate}} | {{ModelTemplate}} | ||
{{ModelInfoTemplate | {{ModelInfoTemplate | ||
|Name=REMIND | |Name=REMIND-MAgPIE | ||
|Version=1. | |Version=2.0-4.1 | ||
|ModelLink=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/research/sustainable-solutions/models/remind; https://rse.pik-potsdam.de/doc/remind/2.1.3; https://github.com/remindmodel/remind/releases/tag/v2.1.3; https://github.com/magpiemodel/magpie/releases/tag/v4.2.1; https://rse.pik-potsdam.de/doc/magpie/4.2.1/ | |||
|participation=full | |participation=full | ||
|processState=published | |processState=published | ||
}} | |||
{{InstitutionTemplate | |||
|abbr=PIK | |||
|institution=Potsdam Institut für Klimafolgenforschung | |||
|link=https://www.pik-potsdam.de | |||
|country=Germany | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{ScopeMethodTemplate | {{ScopeMethodTemplate | ||
|Objective=REMIND is a global multi-regional model incorporating the economy, | |ModelTypeOption=CGE | ||
|GeographicalScopeOption=Global | |||
|Objective=REMIND-MAgPIE is a global multi-regional model incorporating the economy, | |||
the climate system and a detailed representation of the energy sector. | the climate system and a detailed representation of the energy sector. | ||
REMIND allows for a sophisticated analysis of technology options and | REMIND-MAgPIE allows for a sophisticated analysis of technology options and | ||
policy proposals for climate mitigation. It accounts for economic and energy investments in the model regions, and interregional trade in goods, energy carriers and emissions allowances. | policy proposals for climate mitigation. It accounts for economic and energy investments in the model regions, and interregional trade in goods, energy carriers and emissions allowances. | ||
|SolutionConceptOption=General equilibrium (closed economy) | |||
|SolutionConcept=MAgPIE: partial equilibrium model of the agricultural sector; | |||
|SolutionHorizon=REMIND-MAgPIE: Inter-temporal (foresight); MAgPIE: recursive-dynamic; | |||
|SolutionMethodOption=Optimization | |||
|SolutionMethod=MAgPIE: cost minimization; | |||
|BaseYear=2005 | |||
|TimeSteps=5 | |||
|Horizon=2005-2100 | |||
|Nr=12 | |||
|PoliciesOption=Emission tax; Emission pricing; Cap and trade; Fuel taxes; Fuel subsidies; Portfolio standard; Capacity targets; Land protection; Pricing carbon stocks | |||
|Concept=Hybrid | |Concept=Hybrid | ||
Hybrid model that couples an economic growth model with a detailed energy system model and a simple climate model. | Hybrid model that couples an economic growth model with a detailed energy system model and a simple climate model. | ||
|PolicyImplementation=Pareto-optimal achievement of policy targets on temperature, radiative forcing, GHG concentration, cumulative carbon budgets, or CO2 emissions over time under full when- and where-flexibility. Implementation of permit allocation rules among regions. Possibility of pre-specified carbon tax pathway. Fossil fuel subsidies and taxes. | |PolicyImplementation=Pareto-optimal achievement of policy targets on temperature, radiative forcing, GHG concentration, cumulative carbon budgets, or CO2 emissions over time under full when- and where-flexibility. Implementation of permit allocation rules among regions. Possibility of pre-specified carbon tax pathway. Fossil fuel subsidies and taxes. | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Socio-economicTemplate | {{Socio-economicTemplate | ||
|PopulationOption=Yes (exogenous) | |||
|GDPOption=Yes (exogenous) | |||
|EmploymentRateOption=Yes (exogenous) | |||
|LaborProductivityOption=Yes (exogenous) | |||
|TotalFactorProductivityOption=Yes (exogenous) | |||
|AutonomousEnergyEfficiencyImprovementsOption=Yes (exogenous) | |||
|ExogenousDriverOption=Labour Productivity | |ExogenousDriverOption=Labour Productivity | ||
|ExogenousDriverText=Calibration of energy efficiency parameters of the production function. | |ExogenousDriverText=Calibration of energy efficiency parameters of the production function. | ||
| Line 29: | Line 47: | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Macro-economyTemplate | {{Macro-economyTemplate | ||
|TradeOption=Coal; Oil; Gas; Uranium; Bioenergy crops; Food crops; Capital; Emissions permits; Non-energy goods | |||
|Trade=Energy goods; | |||
|CostMeasureOption=GDP loss; Welfare loss; Consumption loss | |||
|CoalRUOption=Yes (supply curve) | |||
|ConventionalOilRUOption=Yes (supply curve) | |||
|UnconventionalOilRUOption=Yes (supply curve) | |||
|ConventionalGasRUOption=Yes (supply curve) | |||
|UnconventionalGasRUOption=Yes (supply curve) | |||
|UraniumRUOption=Yes (supply curve) | |||
|BioenergyRUOption=Yes (supply curve) | |||
|WaterRUOption=Yes (process model) | |||
|EnergyESOption=Yes (physical) | |||
|AgricultureESOption=Yes (physical) | |||
|EconomicSectorText=The macro-economic part contains a single sector representation of the entire economy. A generic final good is produced from capital, labor, and different final energy types. | |EconomicSectorText=The macro-economic part contains a single sector representation of the entire economy. A generic final good is produced from capital, labor, and different final energy types. | ||
| | |EnergyEnd-useTCOption=Endogenous technological change | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{EnergyTemplate | {{EnergyTemplate | ||
| | |EnergyTechnologySubstitutabilityOption=Mostly high substitutability | ||
|ElectricityTechnologyOption=Coal w/o CCS; Coal w/ CCS; Gas w/o CCS; Gas w/ CCS; Oil w/o CCS; Bioenergy w/o CCS; Bioenergy w/ CCS; Geothermal power; Nuclear power; Solar power; Solar power-central PV; Solar power-CSP; Wind power; Hydroelectric power | |||
|HydrogenProductionOption=Electrolysis; Coal to hydrogen w/o CCS; Coal to hydrogen w/ CCS; Natural gas to hydrogen w/o CCS; Natural gas to hydrogen w/ CCS; Biomass to hydrogen w/o CCS; Biomass to hydrogen w/ CCS | |||
|RefinedLiquidsOption=Bioliquids w/o CCS; Bioliquids w/ CCS; Coal to liquids w/o CCS; Coal to liquids w/ CCS; Oil refining | |||
|RefinedGasesOption=Coal to gas w/o CCS; Biomass to gas w/o CCS | |||
|HeatGenerationOption=CHP (coupled heat and power); Coal heat; Natural gas heat; Oil heat; Biomass heat; Geothermal heat | |||
|GridInfrastructureText=Generalized transmission and distribution costs are included, but not modeled on an explicit spatial level. | |||
Regionalized additional grid and storage costs for renewable integration are included. | |||
|PassengerTransportationOption=Light Duty Vehicles (LDVs); Electric LDVs; Hydrogen LDVs; Gasoline LDVs; Passenger trains | |||
|FreightTransportationOption=Heavy duty vehicles | |||
|ResourceUseOption=Coal; Oil; Gas; Uranium; Biomass | |ResourceUseOption=Coal; Oil; Gas; Uranium; Biomass | ||
|ConversionTechnologyOption=CHP; Heat pumps; Hydrogen; Fuel to gas; Fuel to liquid | |ConversionTechnologyOption=CHP; Heat pumps; Hydrogen; Fuel to gas; Fuel to liquid | ||
|ConversionTechnology=Heat plants; | |ConversionTechnology=Heat plants; | ||
|GridInfrastructureOption=Electricity; Gas; Heat; CO2; H2 | |GridInfrastructureOption=Electricity; Gas; Heat; CO2; H2 | ||
|TechnologySubstitutionOption=Discrete technology choices; Expansion and decline constraints; System integration constraints | |TechnologySubstitutionOption=Discrete technology choices; Expansion and decline constraints; System integration constraints | ||
|TechnologySubstitutionText=Expansion and decline, and system integration are influenced though cost markups rather than constraints. | |TechnologySubstitutionText=Expansion and decline, and system integration are influenced though cost markups rather than constraints. | ||
| Line 50: | Line 84: | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Land-useTemplate | {{Land-useTemplate | ||
|LandCoverOption=Cropland; Forest; Pasture; Cropland irrigated; Cropland food crops; Cropland feed crops; Cropland energy crops; Managed forest; Natural forest; Built-up area | |||
|AgricultureAndForestryDemandsOption=Agriculture food; Agriculture food crops; Agriculture food livestock; Agriculture feed; Agriculture feed crops; Agriculture feed livestock; Agriculture non-food; Agriculture non-food crops; Agriculture non-food livestock; Agriculture bioenergy; Agriculture residues | |||
|AgriculturalCommoditiesOption=Wheat; Rice; Oilseeds; Other coarse grains; Sugar crops; Ruminant meat; Non-ruminant meat and eggs; Dairy products | |||
|Land-useText=Bioenergy supply from the land-use sector is represented by an emulation of the land-use model MAgPIE. | |Land-useText=Bioenergy supply from the land-use sector is represented by an emulation of the land-use model MAgPIE. | ||
The emulator focuses on bioenergy supply costs and agricultural emissions. | The emulator focuses on bioenergy supply costs and agricultural emissions. | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{EmissionClimateTemplate | {{EmissionClimateTemplate | ||
|GHGOption=CO2; CH4; N2O; | |GHGOption=HFCs; CFCs; SF6; CO2 fossil fuels; CO2 cement; CO2 land use; CH4 energy; CH4 land use; CH4 other; N2O energy; N2O land use; N2O other | ||
|PollutantOption=NOx; | |PollutantOption=CO energy; CO land use; CO other; NOx energy; NOx land use; NOx other; VOC energy; VOC land use; VOC other; SO2 energy; SO2 land use; SO2 other; BC energy; BC land use; BC other; OC energy; OC land use; OC other; NH3 energy; NH3 land use | ||
|PollutantText=Ozone is not modeled as emission, but is an endogenous result of atmospheric chemistry. | |PollutantText=Ozone is not modeled as emission, but is an endogenous result of atmospheric chemistry. | ||
|ClimateIndicatorOption= | |ClimateIndicatorOption=Temperature change; Concentration: CO2; Concentration: CH4; Concentration: N2O; Concentration: Kyoto gases; Radiative forcing: CO2; Radiative forcing: CH4; Radiative forcing: N2O; Radiative forcing: F-gases; Radiative forcing: Kyoto gases; Radiative forcing: aerosols; Radiative forcing: AN3A; Radiative forcing: total | ||
| | |ClimateIndicator=Radiative Forcing (Land Albedo) - Yes (exogenous); | ||
|CarbonDioxideRemovalOption=Bioenergy with CCS; Afforestation; Direct air capture; Enhanced weathering | |||
|Co-LinkagesOption=Energy security: Fossil fuel imports & exports (region); Water availability | |||
| | |||
| | |||
}} | }} | ||
Latest revision as of 15:43, 21 November 2021
The reference card is a clearly defined description of model features. The numerous options have been organized into a limited amount of default and model specific (non default) options. In addition some features are described by a short clarifying text.
Legend:
- not implemented
- implemented
- implemented (not default option)
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About
Name and version
REMIND-MAgPIE 2.0-4.1
Model link
Institution
Potsdam Institut für Klimafolgenforschung (PIK), Germany, https://www.pik-potsdam.de.
Documentation
REMIND-MAgPIE documentation consists of a referencecard and detailed model documentation
Process state
published
Model scope and methods
Model documentation: Model_scope_and_methods - REMIND-MAgPIE
Model type
- Integrated assessment model
- Energy system model
- CGE
- CBA-integrated assessment model
Geographical scope
- Global
- Regional
Objective
REMIND-MAgPIE is a global multi-regional model incorporating the economy, the climate system and a detailed representation of the energy sector. REMIND-MAgPIE allows for a sophisticated analysis of technology options and policy proposals for climate mitigation. It accounts for economic and energy investments in the model regions, and interregional trade in goods, energy carriers and emissions allowances.
Solution concept
- Partial equilibrium (price elastic demand)
- Partial equilibrium (fixed demand)
- General equilibrium (closed economy)
- MAgPIE: partial equilibrium model of the agricultural sector
Solution horizon
- Recursive dynamic (myopic)
- Intertemporal optimization (foresight)
- MAgPIE: recursive-dynamic
- REMIND-MAgPIE: Inter-temporal (foresight)
Solution method
- Simulation
- Optimization
- MAgPIE: cost minimization
Temporal dimension
Base year:2005, time steps:5, horizon: 2005-2100
Spatial dimension
Number of regions:12
Time discounting type
- Discount rate exogenous
- Discount rate endogenous
Policies
- Emission tax
- Emission pricing
- Cap and trade
- Fuel taxes
- Fuel subsidies
- Feed-in-tariff
- Portfolio standard
- Capacity targets
- Emission standards
- Energy efficiency standards
- Agricultural producer subsidies
- Agricultural consumer subsidies
- Land protection
- Pricing carbon stocks
Socio-economic drivers
Model documentation: Socio-economic drivers - REMIND-MAgPIE
Population
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
Population age structure
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
Education level
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
Urbanization rate
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
GDP
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
Income distribution
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
Employment rate
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
Labor productivity
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
Total factor productivity
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
Autonomous energy efficiency improvements
- Yes (exogenous)
- Yes (endogenous)
Macro-economy
Model documentation: Macro-economy - REMIND-MAgPIE
Economic sector
Industry
- Yes (physical)
- Yes (economic)
- Yes (physical & economic)
Energy
- Yes (physical)
- Yes (economic)
- Yes (physical & economic)
Transportation
- Yes (physical)
- Yes (economic)
- Yes (physical & economic)
Residential and commercial
- Yes (physical)
- Yes (economic)
- Yes (physical & economic)
Agriculture
- Yes (physical)
- Yes (economic)
- Yes (physical & economic)
Forestry
- Yes (physical)
- Yes (economic)
- Yes (physical & economic)
Other economic sector
Macro-economy
Trade
- Coal
- Oil
- Gas
- Uranium
- Electricity
- Bioenergy crops
- Food crops
- Capital
- Emissions permits
- Non-energy goods
- Energy goods
Cost measures
- GDP loss
- Welfare loss
- Consumption loss
- Area under MAC
- Energy system cost mark-up
Categorization by group
- Income
- Urban - rural
- Technology adoption
- Age
- Gender
- Education level
- Household size
Institutional and political factors
- Early retirement of capital allowed
- Interest rates differentiated by country/region
- Regional risk factors included
- Technology costs differentiated by country/region
- Technological change differentiated by country/region
- Behavioural change differentiated by country/region
- Constraints on cross country financial transfers
Resource use
Coal
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Conventional Oil
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Unconventional Oil
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Conventional Gas
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Unconventional Gas
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Uranium
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Bioenergy
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Water
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Raw Materials
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Land
- Yes (fixed)
- Yes (supply curve)
- Yes (process model)
Technological change
Energy conversion technologies
- No technological change
- Exogenous technological change
- Endogenous technological change
Energy End-use
- No technological change
- Exogenous technological change
- Endogenous technological change
Material Use
- No technological change
- Exogenous technological change
- Endogenous technological change
Agriculture (tc)
- No technological change
- Exogenous technological change
- Endogenous technological change
Energy
Model documentation: Energy - REMIND-MAgPIE
Energy technology substitution
Energy technology choice
- No discrete technology choices
- Logit choice model
- Production function
- Linear choice (lowest cost)
- Lowest cost with adjustment penalties
Energy technology substitutability
- Mostly high substitutability
- Mostly low substitutability
- Mixed high and low substitutability
Energy technology deployment
- Expansion and decline constraints
- System integration constraints
Energy
Electricity technologies
- Coal w/o CCS
- Coal w/ CCS
- Gas w/o CCS
- Gas w/ CCS
- Oil w/o CCS
- Oil w/ CCS
- Bioenergy w/o CCS
- Bioenergy w/ CCS
- Geothermal power
- Nuclear power
- Solar power
- Solar power-central PV
- Solar power-distributed PV
- Solar power-CSP
- Wind power
- Wind power-onshore
- Wind power-offshore
- Hydroelectric power
- Ocean power
Hydrogen production
- Coal to hydrogen w/o CCS
- Coal to hydrogen w/ CCS
- Natural gas to hydrogen w/o CCS
- Natural gas to hydrogen w/ CCS
- Oil to hydrogen w/o CCS
- Oil to hydrogen w/ CCS
- Biomass to hydrogen w/o CCS
- Biomass to hydrogen w/ CCS
- Nuclear thermochemical hydrogen
- Solar thermochemical hydrogen
- Electrolysis
Refined liquids
- Coal to liquids w/o CCS
- Coal to liquids w/ CCS
- Gas to liquids w/o CCS
- Gas to liquids w/ CCS
- Bioliquids w/o CCS
- Bioliquids w/ CCS
- Oil refining
Refined gases
- Coal to gas w/o CCS
- Coal to gas w/ CCS
- Oil to gas w/o CCS
- Oil to gas w/ CCS
- Biomass to gas w/o CCS
- Biomass to gas w/ CCS
Heat generation
- Coal heat
- Natural gas heat
- Oil heat
- Biomass heat
- Geothermal heat
- Solarthermal heat
- CHP (coupled heat and power)
Grid Infra Structure
Electricity
- Yes (aggregate)
- Yes (spatially explicit)
Gas
- Yes (aggregate)
- Yes (spatially explicit)
Heat
- Yes (aggregate)
- Yes (spatially explicit)
CO2
- Yes (aggregate)
- Yes (spatially explicit)
Hydrogen
- Yes (aggregate)
- Yes (spatially explicit)
Other grid and infrastructure
Note: Generalized transmission and distribution costs are included, but not modeled on an explicit spatial level. Regionalized additional grid and storage costs for renewable integration are included.
Energy end-use technologies
Passenger transportation
- Passenger trains
- Buses
- Light Duty Vehicles (LDVs)
- Electric LDVs
- Hydrogen LDVs
- Hybrid LDVs
- Gasoline LDVs
- Diesel LDVs
- Passenger aircrafts
Freight transportation
- Freight trains
- Heavy duty vehicles
- Freight aircrafts
- Freight ships
Industry
- Steel production
- Aluminium production
- Cement production
- Petrochemical production
- Paper production
- Plastics production
- Pulp production
Residential and commercial
- Space heating
- Space cooling
- Cooking
- Refrigeration
- Washing
- Lighting
Land-use
Model documentation: Land-use - REMIND-MAgPIE
Land cover
- Cropland
- Cropland irrigated
- Cropland food crops
- Cropland feed crops
- Cropland energy crops
- Forest
- Managed forest
- Natural forest
- Pasture
- Shrubland
- Built-up area
Agriculture and forestry demands
- Agriculture food
- Agriculture food crops
- Agriculture food livestock
- Agriculture feed
- Agriculture feed crops
- Agriculture feed livestock
- Agriculture non-food
- Agriculture non-food crops
- Agriculture non-food livestock
- Agriculture bioenergy
- Agriculture residues
- Forest industrial roundwood
- Forest fuelwood
- Forest residues
Agricultural commodities
- Wheat
- Rice
- Other coarse grains
- Oilseeds
- Sugar crops
- Ruminant meat
- Non-ruminant meat and eggs
- Dairy products
Emission, climate and impacts
Model documentation: Emissions - REMIND-MAgPIE, Climate - REMIND-MAgPIE, Non-climate sustainability dimension - REMIND-MAgPIE
Greenhouse gases
- CO2 fossil fuels
- CO2 cement
- CO2 land use
- CH4 energy
- CH4 land use
- CH4 other
- N2O energy
- N2O land use
- N2O other
- CFCs
- HFCs
- SF6
- PFCs
Pollutants
- CO energy
- CO land use
- CO other
- NOx energy
- NOx land use
- NOx other
- VOC energy
- VOC land use
- VOC other
- SO2 energy
- SO2 land use
- SO2 other
- BC energy
- BC land use
- BC other
- OC energy
- OC land use
- OC other
- NH3 energy
- NH3 land use
- NH3 other
Note: Ozone is not modeled as emission, but is an endogenous result of atmospheric chemistry.
Climate indicators
- Concentration: CO2
- Concentration: CH4
- Concentration: N2O
- Concentration: Kyoto gases
- Radiative forcing: CO2
- Radiative forcing: CH4
- Radiative forcing: N2O
- Radiative forcing: F-gases
- Radiative forcing: Kyoto gases
- Radiative forcing: aerosols
- Radiative forcing: land albedo
- Radiative forcing: AN3A
- Radiative forcing: total
- Temperature change
- Sea level rise
- Ocean acidification
- Radiative Forcing (Land Albedo) - Yes (exogenous)
Carbon dioxide removal
- Bioenergy with CCS
- Reforestation
- Afforestation
- Soil carbon enhancement
- Direct air capture
- Enhanced weathering
Climate change impacts
- Agriculture
- Energy supply
- Energy demand
- Economic output
- Built capital
- Inequality
Co-Linkages
- Energy security: Fossil fuel imports & exports (region)
- Energy access: Household energy consumption
- Air pollution & health: Source-based aerosol emissions
- Air pollution & health: Health impacts of air Pollution
- Food access
- Water availability
- Biodiversity
Note: The macro-economic part contains a single sector representation of the entire economy. A generic final good is produced from capital, labor, and different final energy types.