The ENV-Linkages model is a recursive dynamic neo-classical general equilibrium model, meaning that decision-makers do not know the future when making a decision today. After it solves each period, the model then uses the resulting state of the world, including the consequences of decisions made in that period - such as resource depletion, capital stock retirements and installations, and changes to the landscape - and then moves to the next time step and performs the same exercise.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), France, https://www.oecd.org/.
Carbon pricing; Fossil fuel support removal (FFSR); Regulations in the power sector to enforce a switch away from fossil fuels; Regulations to stimulate investments to decarbonise building and transport emissions; Policies to stimulate firms’ energy efficiency improvement; Subsidies to reduce and decarbonise energy consumption by households
All other major traded economic activities
ENV-Linkages# QUERYb1922f770dda183ef3beca28f299dda0
-Has subobject::ENV-Linkages main About
-Has subobject::GroupStructure About
ENV-Linkages# QUERYfcc41b5ad1822a38d45b89829581acbc
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureAbout Name and version
ENV-Linkages# QUERYe68cfbdb2255d03893151e7f20e42562
ENV-Linkages# QUERY11a609fa1a68fdaf46e4be932137fb9f
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureAbout Model link
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureAbout Documentation
ENV-Linkages# QUERY5cb6c46a3ef8333ddb7e3b0b04632481
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureAbout Institution
ENV-Linkages# QUERY47258fb5dfe0ed499bbb731da6aa52c7
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureAbout Process state
ENV-Linkages# QUERYcb247532a56757136acbd428aa6be5a5
-Has subobject::ENV-Linkages main Model scope and methods
ENV-Linkages# QUERYeaca6e7592fcb1d1fc7af2ad4f433aa4
-Has subobject::GroupStructure Model scope and methods
ENV-Linkages# QUERY1d6b0c276821095b224bd9bb700cdf29
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureScopeMethod Model type
ENV-Linkages# QUERYc5dad25fdcff3a920046be568ab8e4d2
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureScopeMethod Geographical scope
ENV-Linkages# QUERY0b79b25554ea56ef9d01b9a088c5f8f3
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureScopeMethod Objective
ENV-Linkages# QUERYdbd2bb04c52fde73e79e42d16434c608
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureScopeMethod Solution concept
ENV-Linkages# QUERY636dfe9b8c3b48d14c930af47a536e43
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureScopeMethod Solution horizon
ENV-Linkages# QUERY76a47c0e2200251cf87400e5e4d4f897
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureScopeMethod Solution method
ENV-Linkages# QUERYae358d420b29bb8153b8e3f7c70a943d
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureScopeMethod Anticipation
ENV-Linkages# QUERYfcb5128f74ee473731c7d01411008aea
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureScopeMethod Temporal dimension
ENV-Linkages# QUERY4a1a363cab3d62e4e04f3499205e6c07
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureScopeMethod Spatial dimension
ENV-Linkages# QUERY3db10851f1c45f1f32441ef07b3cce32
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureScopeMethod Time discounting type
ENV-Linkages# QUERY963ddc498650564151071f4e2fdb83cc
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureScopeMethod Policies
ENV-Linkages# QUERY69f6ea15968fe33c3d87b62ce6336ddb
-Has subobject::ENV-Linkages main Socio-economic drivers
ENV-Linkages# QUERYedef185d4ed1152424b9c0a43f1f8206
-Has subobject::GroupStructure Socio-economic drivers
ENV-Linkages# QUERYe5e48940ff7ff1c42866da28139de7c3
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureSocio-economic Population
ENV-Linkages# QUERYb7ce6c1171fc3bd3128a58a68c62fd4e
ENV-Linkages# QUERYf798289537313a5d8b283a5f5dfd830a
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureSocio-economic Population age structure
ENV-Linkages# QUERY7740f540d846af5bbb971c1038f17d9a
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureSocio-economic Education level
ENV-Linkages# QUERY35555d53ccea6b0a9d707ec2e1f22408
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureSocio-economic Urbanization rate
ENV-Linkages# QUERY9e1c2f856eecd2157d5045be0fca02b1
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureSocio-economic GDP
ENV-Linkages# QUERY039ddb566990734c87c3d4609a0bce07
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureSocio-economic Income distribution
ENV-Linkages# QUERYcd2f26fcff9c6a7e677798fc81a9ba18
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureSocio-economic Employment rate
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureSocio-economic Labor productivity
ENV-Linkages# QUERY195d62e9686fd9abf266767cc4a4f6eb
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureSocio-economic Total factor productivity
ENV-Linkages# QUERYb5513cc231b6d4ac7047520558b710d3
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureSocio-economic Autonomous energy efficiency improvements
ENV-Linkages# QUERY33f8b0cf57d043c1ae59568aee9dbd62
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureSocio-economic Other socio economic driver
ENV-Linkages# QUERYdac1b791d7b19de3b0619fefe18ed5f4
-Has subobject::ENV-Linkages Economic sector Macro-economy
ENV-Linkages# QUERY9abfea963f458d4cc5cfa6cd8a6585ae
-Has subobject::ENV-Linkages Macro-economy Macro-economy
ENV-Linkages# QUERYfdbfd06b11839bf82cf650c1345e5f2c
-Has subobject::ENV-Linkages Resource use Macro-economy
ENV-Linkages# QUERY5f4596e9376e8f84107269bcd1c8663e
-Has subobject::ENV-Linkages Technological change Macro-economy
ENV-Linkages# QUERY18874d7b31bdcd707b388171c48274f6
-Has subobject::GroupStructure Macro-economy
ENV-Linkages# QUERY7c7b9e11410eed19f98107f53f7d9c34
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Industry ES
ENV-Linkages# QUERYa58e92a81eee4adab082df1d868a0fde
ENV-Linkages# QUERY220c53560c7b3d590ed9e7c0ddfecee6
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Energy ES
ENV-Linkages# QUERY3489d169efeff7864315b7dd63b07fcd
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Transportation ES
ENV-Linkages# QUERYc0e6a63f0eb35524f2938cc1a768e133
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Residential and commercial ES
ENV-Linkages# QUERY7e4ffc68c1c43bafef98d8db28604e44
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Agriculture ES
ENV-Linkages# QUERYa8383dcbea139cd666627d59d1377533
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Forestry ES
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Other economic sector
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Trade
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Cost measures
ENV-Linkages# QUERY7a97cd2c432fe3a0f6deb0035eec7050
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Categorization by group
ENV-Linkages# QUERY2966315ca186d9b6163e52abd87ef726
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Institutional and political factors
ENV-Linkages# QUERY42a8ef0ad2d322979d0a4be8949bc874
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Coal RU
ENV-Linkages# QUERY29f579596396ae4f9518dec51c277b5f
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Conventional Oil RU
ENV-Linkages# QUERY585455ef49613bdb63cdc3e573c3a097
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Unconventional Oil RU
ENV-Linkages# QUERYff15aa6fcb3b4ea30f3d73f176dd87c7
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Conventional Gas RU
ENV-Linkages# QUERYdc3ffe9efd4598ad7fb92e027c48e45f
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Unconventional Gas RU
ENV-Linkages# QUERY80b5c1442a2de22dbb92d70a3e042b66
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Uranium RU
ENV-Linkages# QUERY7a8179f4775ed384987b3d8ce218a8aa
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Bioenergy RU
ENV-Linkages# QUERY0d234f3bf09fe96f62296bf69af3d6f6
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Water RU
ENV-Linkages# QUERY0e8f320233d14a25b4ee9e0b38b5571f
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Raw Materials RU
ENV-Linkages# QUERY35e431f624b6d22903af044b0dfa870b
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Land RU
ENV-Linkages# QUERYa7a29efa1a3ac3a982019bcebc858b33
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Other resource use
ENV-Linkages# QUERY1fbd75aa33cc62849e69e4beec460a15
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Energy conversion technologies TC
ENV-Linkages# QUERY205344ccbbdbbca6bdc71e7ec71adf84
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Energy End-use TC
ENV-Linkages# QUERY2e433da1003cf9537e7bf211c50600f5
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Material Use TC
ENV-Linkages# QUERYa8b6d86528421a424f6758ca626dde83
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Agriculture TC
ENV-Linkages# QUERYc7e61a2379b6027d9a9f12a492ed2110
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureMacro-economy Other technological change
ENV-Linkages# QUERY2ea9ba6c9b588d49ba513c12bcc2cdc0
-Has subobject::ENV-Linkages main Energy
ENV-Linkages# QUERYf637c7e6a4898630f26f27f9a3a5194f
-Has subobject::ENV-Linkages Energy technology substitution Energy
ENV-Linkages# QUERYef8f73407f6824e8ae0820aab00ede67
-Has subobject::ENV-Linkages Energy Energy
ENV-Linkages# QUERY4c2b7ad2dfbdea971071fd458612fbc9
-Has subobject::ENV-Linkages Grid Infra Structure Energy
ENV-Linkages# QUERY9e8c1ae7e45873f84d2d60bfa15f2c48
-Has subobject::ENV-Linkages Energy end-use technologies Energy
ENV-Linkages# QUERYe8222d666965129cbbdd98e1779d6425
-Has subobject::GroupStructure Energy
ENV-Linkages# QUERY59dbe623f5c729cd546742c1e63b0409
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy Behaviour
ENV-Linkages# QUERYa16cf118a3e77b12c09a62bacc701e05
ENV-Linkages# QUERY2900ee563e4c65b023dc8a4777fe6da9
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy Energy technology choice
ENV-Linkages# QUERY2741e8aeb96b399c4f1a801455a35fc9
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy Energy technology substitutability
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy Energy technology deployment
ENV-Linkages# QUERY6aefea1f6beebff4cbc338339f8b3eb2
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy Electricity technologies
ENV-Linkages# QUERY9495b62ed46eae190bf6a96256af757d
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy Hydrogen production
ENV-Linkages# QUERYfe971f6923f8457817bcaa1e526fa732
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy Refined liquids
ENV-Linkages# QUERYb2c15c93ec75dd0e8d443a4478af73d7
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy Refined gases
ENV-Linkages# QUERYd6a3a3d223723dec1e0b16a08728bd75
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy Heat generation
ENV-Linkages# QUERYe778103d0d1e11cc7faae258563fbc65
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy Electricity GI
ENV-Linkages# QUERY88d2bf129a67f21a8e09c5ec0f597abd
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy Gas GI
ENV-Linkages# QUERY7de3d2b2db6cb5e2c2d9951a9fa9bc21
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy Heat GI
ENV-Linkages# QUERYe346ae19cad0b96d0f11610cff4de1e7
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy CO2 GI
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy Hydrogen GI
ENV-Linkages# QUERYf380c68e11ebcc90370c2a1cea58d270
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy Other grid and infrastructure
ENV-Linkages# QUERYdf2001cfefe2669d4910d37060ac7fb2
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy Passenger transportation
ENV-Linkages# QUERYa5e16f51a494ac04045c9f946c7faa6f
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy Freight transportation
ENV-Linkages# QUERY8db2d64d3380b447ca1c71c845c24c7b
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy Industry
ENV-Linkages# QUERYb526b5f313f896c3aa2282fe4513f67f
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEnergy Residential and commercial
ENV-Linkages# QUERYee1ec2341ae461cef1355b2252722a5b
-Has subobject::ENV-Linkages main Land-use
ENV-Linkages# QUERY0b3ccef467d6572a6ef99fceb5d2d25e
-Has subobject::GroupStructure Land-use
ENV-Linkages# QUERYb4fe77d96c2100b19803b5d0d780ea06
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureLand-use Land cover
ENV-Linkages# QUERYa220370afae3a76c12c15b5cb62a78a0
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureLand-use Agriculture and forestry demands
ENV-Linkages# QUERY6757e039e38474d88aadf5fcf32af58e
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureLand-use Agricultural commodities
ENV-Linkages# QUERY0fd727253754dbff62e27a98381692be
-Has subobject::ENV-Linkages main Emission, climate and impacts
ENV-Linkages# QUERYcfde5829f72d9441f95178a8a189d50c
-Has subobject::GroupStructure Emission, climate and impacts
ENV-Linkages# QUERY1f354baba930006ee95a731047da170e
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEmissionClimate Greenhouse gases
ENV-Linkages# QUERYe013095ab9d66c1198af0aee53eb3d05
ENV-Linkages# QUERY64bdb2d73ae2511fdbde0d62dfd8924f
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEmissionClimate Pollutants
ENV-Linkages# QUERYadd35a3927d0eab8fd43b4b6bc0be592
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEmissionClimate Climate indicators
ENV-Linkages# QUERY5cfc9eb63ea844083487cd94fd4328e6
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEmissionClimate Carbon dioxide removal
ENV-Linkages# QUERY85cf5e3f590cc360f023e47860586b12
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEmissionClimate Climate change impacts
-Has subobject::FeatureStructureEmissionClimate Co-Linkages
ENV-Linkages# QUERY85838152aaafebfdf70894b7693fc685
ENV-Linkages documentation consists of a referencecard and detailed model documentation
The modelling work based on ENV-Linkages aims to assist governments in identifying least-cost policies or policy mixes on a range of environmental issues, including mitigation of climate change, phasing out fossil fuel subsidies and other green growth policies, such as environmental tax reform, policies to promote the transition to a circular economy, including linking to material and resources.
Partial equilibrium (price elastic demand)
ENV-Linkages model is written in the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) modelling language. GAMS is particularly useful for numerical modelling of linear, nonlinear and mixed integer optimization systems.
Base year:2014, time steps:Annual, horizon: 2050 or 2060
OECD Oceania (Australia and New Zealand)
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Malta, Romania
Regulations in the power sector to enforce a switch away from fossil fuels
Regulations to stimulate investments to decarbonise building and transport emissions
Policies to stimulate firms’ energy efficiency improvement
Subsidies to reduce and decarbonise energy consumption by households
Autonomous energy efficiency improvements
ENV-Linkages#Autonomous energy efficiency improvements
ENV-Linkages#Other socio economic driver
ENV-Linkages#Residential and commercial ES
Interest rates differentiated by country/region
Technology costs differentiated by country/region
Technological change differentiated by country/region
Behavioural change differentiated by country/region
Constraints on cross country financial transfers
ENV-Linkages#Institutional and political factors
ENV-Linkages#Energy conversion technologies TC
Energy demands (projected by using elasticities of demands to GDP), for all kind of fuels demands, is controlled by calibration of the Autonomous Energy Efficiency Improvements (AEEIs) in energy use, by sector and type of fuel. Value-added is shown as being composed of a labour input, along with a composite capital-energy bundle. The energy bundle is of particular interest for analysis of climate change issues. Energy is a composite of fossil fuels and electricity. In turn, fossil fuel is a composite of coal and a bundle of the “other fossil fuels”. At the lowest nest, the composite “other fossil fuels” commodity consists of crude oil, refined oil products and natural gas. The value of the substitution elasticities are based on existing literature and calibrated to imply a higher degree of substitution among the other fuels than with electricity and coal. According to the vintage-structure of technologies, the fuel mix in energy production is more flexible when associated with new capital. For old capital vintage production technology the substitution possibilities between fuels are very limited.
ENV-Linkages#Energy technology substitutability
ENV-Linkages#Energy technology deployment
ENV-Linkages#Other grid and infrastructure
ENV-Linkages#Agriculture and forestry demands
Energy security: Fossil fuel imports & exports (region)
Energy access: Household energy consumption
Air pollution & health: Source-based aerosol emissions
Air pollution & health: Health impacts of air Pollution
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Capital and labour markets - ENV-Linkages
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) options - ENV-Linkages
Climate damages, temperature changes - ENV-Linkages
Energy resource endowments - ENV-Linkages
Grid, pipelines and other infrastructure - ENV-Linkages
Mathematical model description - ENV-Linkages
Model concept, solver and details - ENV-Linkages
Modelling of climate indicators - ENV-Linkages
Non-climate sustainability dimension - ENV-Linkages
Other sustainability dimensions - ENV-Linkages
Pollutants and non-GHG forcing agents - ENV-Linkages
Production system and representation of economic sectors - ENV-Linkages
Residential and commercial sectors - ENV-Linkages
Technological change in energy - ENV-Linkages
Technological change in land-use - ENV-Linkages
Uranium and other fissile resources - ENV-Linkages