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=Energy (MESSAGE)=
== Introduction ==
The IIASA IAM framework consists of a combination of five different models or modules - the energy model MESSAGEix, the land use model GLOBIOM, the air pollution and GHG model GAINS, the aggregated macro-economic model MACRO, and the simple climate model MAGICC - which complement each other and are specialized in different areas. All models and modules together build the IIASA IAM framework, also referred to as MESSAGEix-GLOBIOM because the energy model MESSAGEix and the land use model GLOBIOM are its most important components. The five models provide input to and iterate between each other during a typical SSP scenario development cycle.
 
== Table of contents ==
 
=== [[Model scope and methods - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Model scope and methods]] ===
 
* '''[[Model concept, solver and details - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Model concept, solver and details]]'''
* '''[[Temporal dimension - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Temporal dimension]]'''
* '''[[Spatial dimension - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Spatial dimension]]'''
* '''[[Policy - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Policy]]'''
 
=== [[Socio-economic drivers - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Socio-economic drivers]] ===
 
* '''[[Population - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Population]]'''
* '''[[Economic activity - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Economic activity]]'''
 
=== [[Macro-economy - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Macro-economy]] ===
 
* '''[[Production system and representation of economic sectors - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Production system and representation of economic sectors]]'''
* '''[[Capital and labour markets - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Capital and labour markets]]'''
* '''[[Monetary instruments - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Monetary instruments]]'''
* '''[[Trade - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Trade]]'''
* '''[[Technological change - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Technological change]]'''
 
=== [[Energy - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Energy]] ===


MESSAGE (Model for Energy Supply Strategy Alternatives and their General Environmental Impact) is a linear programming (LP) energy engineering model with global coverage. As a systems engineering optimization model, MESSAGE is used for medium- to long-term energy system planning, energy policy analysis, and scenario development (Messner and Strubegger, 1995 messner_users_1995). The model provides a framework for representing an energy system with all its interdependencies from resource extraction, imports and exports, conversion, transport, and distribution, to the provision of energy end-use services such as light, space conditioning, industrial production processes, and transportation. In addition, MESSAGE links to GLOBIOM (GLObal BIOsphere Model, cf. Section globiom) to consistently assess the implications of utilizing bioenergy of different types and to integrate the GHG emissions from energy and land use and to the aggregated macro-economic model MACRO (cf. Section macro) to assess economic implications and to capture economic feedbacks.
* '''[[Energy resource endowments - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Energy resource endowments]]'''
** [[Fossil energy resources - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Fossil energy resources]]
** [[Uranium and other fissile resources - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Uranium and other fissile resources]]
** [[Bioenergy - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Bioenergy]]
** [[Non-biomass renewables - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Non-biomass renewables]]


MESSAGE covers all greenhouse gas (GHG)-emitting sectors, including energy, industrial processes as well as - through its linkage to GLOBIOM - agriculture and forestry. The emissions of the full basket of greenhouse gases including CO2, CH4, N2O and F-gases (CF4, C2F6, HFC125, HFC134a, HFC143a, HFC227ea, HFC245ca and SF6) as well as other radiatively active gases, such as NOx, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO, SO2, and BC/OC is represented in hte model. MESSAGE is used in conjunction with MAGICC (Model for Greenhouse gas Induced Climate Change) version 6.8 (cf. Section magicc) for calculating atmospheric concentrations, radiative forcing, and annual-mean global surface air temperature increase.
* '''[[Energy conversion - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Energy conversion]]'''
** [[Electricity - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Electricity]]
** [[Heat - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Heat]]
** [[Gaseous fuels - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Gaseous fuels]]
** [[Liquid fuels - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Liquid fuels]]
** [[Solid fuels - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Solid fuels]]
** [[Grid, pipelines and other infrastructure - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Grid, pipelines and other infrastructure]]
** [[Energy end-use - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Energy end-use]]
** [[Transport - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Transport]]
** [[Residential and commercial sectors - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Residential and commercial sectors]]
** [[Industrial sector - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Industrial sector]]
** [[Other end-use - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Other end-use]]


The model is designed to formulate and evaluate alternative energy supply strategies consonant with the user-defined constraints such as limits on new investment, fuel availability and trade, environmental regulations and market penetration rates for new technologies. Environmental aspects can be analysed by accounting, and if necessary limiting, the amounts of pollutants emitted by various technologies at various steps in energy supplies. This helps to evaluate the impact of environmental regulations on energy system development.
* '''[[Energy demand - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Energy demand]]'''
* '''[[Technological change in energy - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Technological change in energy]]'''


It's principal results comprise, among others, estimates of technology-specific multi-sector response strategies for specific climate stabilization targets. By doing so, the model identifies the least-cost portfolio of mitigation technologies. The choice of the individual mitigation options across gases and sectors is driven by the relative economics of the abatement measures, assuming full temporal and spatial flexibility (i.e., emissions-reduction measures are assumed to occur when and where they are cheapest to implement).
=== [[Land-use - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Land-use]] ===


The Reference Energy System (RES) defines the total set of available energy conversion technologies. In MESSAGE terms, energy conversion technology refers to all types of energy technologies from resource extraction to transformation, transport, distribution of energy carriers, and end-use technologies.
* '''[[Agriculture - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Agriculture]]'''
* '''[[Forestry - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Forestry]]'''
* '''[[Land-use change - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Land-use change]]'''
* '''[[Bioenergy land-use - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Bioenergy land-use]]'''
* '''[[Other land-use - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Other land-use]]'''
* '''[[Agricultural demand - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Agricultural demand]]'''
* '''[[Technological change in land-use - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Technological change in land-use]]'''
=== [[Emissions - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Emissions]] ===
* '''[[GHGs - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|GHGs]]'''
* '''[[Pollutants and non-GHG forcing agents - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Pollutants and non-GHG forcing agents]]'''
* '''[[Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) options - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) options]]'''


Because few conversion technologies convert resources directly into useful energy, the energy system in MESSAGE is divided into 5 energy levels:
=== [[Climate - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Climate]] ===
* '''[[Modelling of climate indicators - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Modelling of climate indicators ]]'''
* '''[[Climate damages, temperature changes - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Climate damages, temperature changes ]]'''
=== [[Non-climate sustainability dimension - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Non-climate sustainability dimension]] ===


* Resource (r) - raw resources (e.g., coal, oil, natural gas in the ground or biomass on the field)
* '''[[Air pollution and health - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Air pollution and health]]'''
* Primary (a) energy - raw product at a generation site (e.g., crude oil input to the refinery)
* '''[[Water - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Water]]'''
* Secondary (x) energy - finalized product at a generation site (e.g., gasoline or diesel fuel output from the refinery)
* '''[[Other materials - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Other materials]]'''
* Final (f) energy - finalized product at its consumption point (e.g., gasoline in the tank of a car or electricity leaving a socket)
* '''[[Other sustainability dimensions - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Other sustainability dimensions]]'''
* Useful (u) energy - finalized product satisfying demand for services (e.g., heating, lighting or moving people)


Technologies can take in from one level and put out at another level or on the same level. The energy forms defined in each level can be envisioned as a transfer hub, that the various technologies feed into or pump away from. The useful energy demand is given as a time series. Technologies can also vary per time period.
=== [[Appendices - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Appendices]] ===
* '''[[Mathematical model description - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Mathematical model description]]'''
* '''[[Data - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|Data]]'''


The mathematical formulation of MESSAGE ensures that the flows are consistent: demand is met, inflows equal outflows and constraints are not exceeded.
=== [[References - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM|References]] ===

Latest revision as of 11:40, 22 July 2025

Model Documentation - MESSAGE-GLOBIOM

    Corresponding documentation
    Previous versions
    Model information
    Model link
    Institution International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria, http://data.ene.iiasa.ac.at.
    Solution concept General equilibrium (closed economy)
    Solution method Optimization
    Anticipation

    Introduction

    The IIASA IAM framework consists of a combination of five different models or modules - the energy model MESSAGEix, the land use model GLOBIOM, the air pollution and GHG model GAINS, the aggregated macro-economic model MACRO, and the simple climate model MAGICC - which complement each other and are specialized in different areas. All models and modules together build the IIASA IAM framework, also referred to as MESSAGEix-GLOBIOM because the energy model MESSAGEix and the land use model GLOBIOM are its most important components. The five models provide input to and iterate between each other during a typical SSP scenario development cycle.

    Table of contents

    Model scope and methods

    Socio-economic drivers

    Macro-economy

    Energy

    Land-use

    Emissions

    Climate

    Non-climate sustainability dimension

    Appendices

    References

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